KOSEN 한인과학기술자네트워크

INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING OF US MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH -Panel on International Benchmarking of US Materials Science and Engineering Research -Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy -NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES/ NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE -PREPUBLICATION COPY *******************************CONTENTS****************** EXECTUTIVE SUMMARY 1.BACKGROUD 2.INTODUCTION 3.DETERMINANTS OF SCIENTIFIC LEADERSHIP 4.BENCHMARKING RESULTS 5.PROJECTION OF LEADERSHIO DETERMINANTS 6.LIKELY FUTURE POSITIONS 7.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 8.PEFERENCES 9.APPENDIX A:PANEL AND STAFF BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION 10.APPENDIX B:BENCHMARKING RESULTS TABLES 11.APPENDIX C:HOT TOPICS LIST PREFACE In 1993,the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy(COSEPUP) of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine issued the report Science, Technology, and the Federal Government:National Goals for a New Era. In that report, major fields of science so that it can quickly apply and extend advances in science wherever they occur. In addition, the report recommended that the United States maintain clear leadership in fields that are tired to national objectives, that capture the imagination of society, or that have multiplicative effect on other scientific advances. These recommendations were reiterated in another Academy report, To measure internation Leadership, the reports recommended the establishment of independent panels that would conduct comparative international assessments of scientific accomplishments of particular research fields. COSEPUP indicated that these panels should consist of researchers who work in the specific fields under review(both form the United States and abroad), people who work in closely related fields, and research users who follow the fields closely. To test the feasibility of that recommedation, COSEPUP is conducting experimental evaluations of three fields: mathematics, materials science, and engineering, and immunology. The panel for each field has been asked to address the following three questions: -What is the position of the United States in research in the field relative to that in order regions or countries: -What key factors infuluence relative US performance in the field? -On the basis of current trends in the US and abroad, what will be relative US position in the near term and the longer term? SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The report summary and conclusions are provide below. Overall, the anlysis was limited by a paucity of field-specific and international data. Nontheless, the members of the Panel have confidence in the conclusions provided below 7.1.The United States is among the world's leaders in all subfields, and ti is the leader in some 7.2.The flexibility of the enterprise is as much a key indicator of leadershio as is the amount of funding 7.3.The innovation system is a major detemanats of US leadership 7.4.The United States enjoys strength through intellectual and human diversity 7.5.Shiftin federal and industry funding priorities, a potential reduction in access to foreign talent, and deterioatin materials research facilities could curtail US ability to capitalize on leadership opportunities.