KOSEN 한인과학기술자네트워크

INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING OF US IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH :Panel on International Benchmarking of US Immunology Research -Commisttee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES/ NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING/INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE PREPUBLICATION COPY National Academy Press Washington, DC 1999 The Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy(COSEPUP)is a joint committee of NAS(National Academy of Sciences), NAE(National Academy of Engineering), and IOM(The Institute of Medicine). It includes members of the councils of all three bodies. PREFACE In 1993,the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy(COSEPUP) of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine issued the report Science, Technology, and the Federal Government:National Goals for a New Era. In that report, major fields of science so that it can quickly apply and extend advances in science wherever they occur. In addition, the report recommended that the United States maintain clear leadership in fields that are tired to national objectives, that capture the imagination of society, or that have multiplicative effect on other scientific advances. These recommendations were reiterated in another Academy report, To measure internation Leadership, the reports recommended the establishment of independent panels that would conduct comparative international assessments of scientific accomplishments of particular research fields. COSEPUP indicated that these panels should consist of researchers who work in the specific fields under review(both form the United States and abroad), people who work in closely related fields, and research users who follow the fields closely. To test the feasibility of that recommedation, COSEPUP is conducting experimental evaluations of three fields: mathematics, materials science, and engineering, and immunology. The panel for each field has been asked to address the following three questions: -What is the position of the United States in research in the field relative to that in order regions or countries: -What key factors infuluence relative US performance in the field? -On the basis of current trends in the US and abroad, what will be relative US position in the near term and the longer term? This document presents results of the third and final assessment, that of research in immunology. The panel concluded that the US is the world leader in immunology, and in its major subfields. ......................... -CONTENTS- 1.INTRODUCTION 2.BENCHMARKING RESULTS 3.KEY FACTORS 4.LIKELY FUTURE POSITION 5.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 6.REFERENCES 7.APPENDIX:PANEL AND STAFF BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION -SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS- 5.1 The US is the world leader in all the major subfields of Immunology but is only among the world leaders in some specific Sub-Subfields 5.2 Flexibility to pursue original and innovative research idears has attracted both domestic and international human capital. Federal, State, and Private Funding have all contrubuted to a climate ripe for this innovative research. 5.3 Industrial interests have fastered many striking breakthroughs in immunology 5.4 A scarity of large-scale clinical trialx in immunology can be attributed to shortages of funding and of qualified personnel. In addition, increasing dominance of managed care means that fewer are available to academic institutions for clinical Trails 5.5 Shifting Federal and Industry Priorities. A Potential Reduction in access to domestic. And Foreign talent, and increasing cost of maintaining mouse facilities could US ability to capitalize on leadership opportunities.