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The health hazards of depleted uranium munitions Part 1


This first report indicates that the radiological risks from the use of DU(depleted uranium) in munitions are for the most part low, but that for small numbers of soldiers there might be circumstances in which risks are higher, and it is for this reson that further work should be undertaken to clarify their extent. 1. Background 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Conduct of the study 1.3 Uranium and depleted uranium 1.4 Radiation from depleted uranium 1.5 Depleted uranium munitions on the battlefield 1.6 Depleted uranium in aircraft 2. Estimating exposure to depleted uranium on the battlefield 2.1 Intakes and risks 2.2 Battlefield exposure scenarios 2.3 Radiation doses 2.4 External exposure to radiation from depleted uranium 2.5 Internal exposure to depleted uranium 3. Radiation and cancer 3.1 The international commission on radiological protection (ICRP) models 3.2 Radiation as a cause of cancer 3.3 Estimates of radiological risk of fatal cancers 3.4 Risks from levelⅠinhalation of impact aerosols 3.5 Risks from levelⅡ intakes from entry into vehicles 3.6 Risks from levelⅢ intakes from smoke plumes 3.7 Comparison with natural background radiation 3.8 Chemical versus radiological action of depleted uranium 3.9 Embedded shrapnel 4. Epidemiological evidence 4.1 Epidemiological estimates of risk and ICRP risk estimates from alpha-irradiation 4.2 Occupational exposure to uranium 4.3 Epidemiological studies of soldiers exposed to depleted uranium 5. Conclusions and recommendations 5.1 Conclusions 5.2 Recommendations
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