P.L. 96-418, the Stevenson-Wydler Technology innovation Act, and P.L. 96-517, commonly referred to as the “Bayh-Dole” Act, govern the dispensation of patents associated with federal research and development activities.This report provides an overview of both laws and attempts to identify the differences and similarities inherent in the provisions of each legislative initiative. The information is intended to provide a better understanding of the framework within which decisions are made concerning patent ownership and licensing given the context of on-going congressional interest in this area.