KOSEN 한인과학기술자네트워크

간략하게 아래와 같이 ISO와 PX에 관한 자료를 올립니다. 1. THE SYSTEM OPERATOR SERVICE The system operator service, which coordinates the ancillary service markets and provides the regulated demand for ancillary services, is a monopoly service. This monopoly can be either a nonprofit or a for-profit entity. If nonprofit, it is typically called an independent system operator (ISO) in the United States and can be minimally regulated. Transco is the current U.S. term for a for-profit system operator, an entity that will probably own the grid and will require extensive regulation. 2. FOUR DAY-AHEAD MARKETS 가. Power Exchange An exchange market is a centralized market that does not use side payments. At any given time and location it pays the same price to any generator selling power. It can use multiple rounds of bidding or multipart bids to determine this price and can implement full nodal pricing. Typically, its bids are much simpler than those used by pools, but a centralized market using 20-part bids but not making side payments would still be an exchange. 나. A Transmission-Rights Market 다. Power Pool A pool is a centralized market that uses “make-whole” side payments to, in effect, pay different prices to different suppliers at the same time and location. These payments are only made when an accepted supplier would lose money at its as-bid costs given the pool price. A pool can implement full nodal pricing. It typically uses multipart bids which cover all important aspects of a generator’s operating costs and physical constraints, but a centralized market using two-part bids and making side payments is a pool. 라. PJM’s Day-Ahead Market (2001년) 3. 미국 캘리포니아 전력시장에서의 PX와 ISO 캘리포니아 대정전 발생이전 캘리포니아의 전력시장은 PX와 ISO로 구성되어 있었으며, 1차 시장인 PX에서 하루 전에 전력거래량의 대부분이 거래되고, 2차 시장인 ISO에서는 나머지 3% 미만(약 500～1000MW)의 소량의 전력이 송전망 운영 및 계통보조서비스 등의 목적으로 거래되도록 되어있었다. 그러나 캘리포니아 대정전이후 PX는 폐쇄되었으며, 계통운영자의 역할을 하는 ISO는 기능을 유지하고 있다. 출처: Power System Economics Designing Markets for Electricity, Steven Stoft 참고로 http://stoft.com/ 을 방문하시면 많은 자료를 구하실 수 있습니다.