KOSEN 한인과학기술자네트워크

>극지방의 생리활성물질에 대한 자료를 구합니다. 생리활성물질에 대한 자료는 많아도 극지방의 생리활성물질에 대해서는 자료가 너무 없어요... >부탁드립니다. ============================================= Bioactive Compounds from Arctic Microorganisms Place: All environments in Greenland, cold and hot springs, acidic environments, alkaline ikaite tufa columns, arid and cold environments, etc. Disciplines: Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Ecology. Motivation: To describe the microbial diversity in selected Arctic environments and to develop cold active enzymes and bioactive compounds from Arctic microorganisms. In recent years, cold-active organisms, the so-called psychrophiles, and their enzymes have attracted great interest due to their interesting basic research properties and not the least because of their application potentials. Living at temperatures close to 0ºC requires several cellular, metabolic, and structural adaptations, like expression of bio-active compounds and enzymatic activities, structure of enzymes, and membrane stability and permeability. Enzymes and compounds active at low temperatures have been shown to be important in the development of industrial products and processes, which are more efficient, economical, and environmentally safe. Consequently, organisms from the Arctic constitute an important resource for such new bioactive compounds and enzymes, which are active at low temperatures. In a preliminary project, we have investigated the application potentials of microorganisms from various ecological niches in Greenland. We have collected samples from e.g. cold, homothermic springs, hot springs, saline lakes, alkaline ikaite tufa columns, soil, sediment and sea water, and we have isolated more than 5,000 different microbial strains. The strains have been screened for a number of enzymatic activities, and we have characterized in detail cold-active enzymes and their corresponding genes. Up till now, we have isolated several cold-active beta-galactosidases, chitinases, chitosanases, and proteases from cultivable microorganisms from different environments in Greenland. However, as only 1% or less of the organisms present in Nature may be cultivated, the organisms investigated so far represent only a minority of the total amount of organisms present in an ecological niche. Therefore, uncultivable microorganisms from Greenland represent a new, hitherto untapped resource of enzymes and bioactive compounds. Research: This project shall comprise the following activities: 1. Sampling of biological material from different environments in Greenland. Biological samples will be collected from a wide range of different environments in Greenland, including cold and hot springs, acidic environments, alkaline ikaite tufa columns, arid and cold environments. 2. Phylogenetic characterization of cultivable and uncultivable organisms in samples. DNA will be extracted from samples and from cultivable microorganisms and investigated with respect to 16S rRNA sequence analysis. 3. Establishment of strain collections and gene banks. Cultivable microorganisms shall be selected on a variety of cultivation media and arranged in a strain collection, which facilitates high throughput screening for bioactive compounds. DNA will be extracted directly from the samples and used for construction of environmental DNA libraries, similarly arranged in “high throughput screening” format. 4. Screening for cold-active enzymes and bioactive compounds. Strain collections and environmental libraries shall be screened for bioactive compounds and enzymes in high throughput screening in laboratory robots. Bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity will beisolated in addition to other molecules with biomedical and pharmaceutical application potentials. Similarly, biomedical, biotechnology, and food enzymes shall be isolated. 5. Characterization and evaluation of application potential of enzymes and bioactive compounds. Enzymes and bioactive compounds will be characterized further with respect to their application potentials. Antimicrobial activity and other biomedical applications will be investigated, and enzymes for biomedicin, biotechnology and food applications shall be studied. Logistics and Synergy: Sampling of biological material will require extensive logistics support, including research vessels and helicopter services. Consequently, this project may share logistics with other projects operating in difficult accessible and remote areas. Thus, strong synergy exists between this project and DK-Proposal 3: Bioactive Compounds from Arctic Plants from The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The synergy comprises not only sampling and transport of biological material but also activities as extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds. References: Stougaard P, Jorgensen F, Johnsen MG, Hansen OC. (2002) Microbial diversity in ikaite tufa columns: an alkaline, cold ecological niche in Greenland. Environ. Microbiol. 4, 487-493. Stougaard P. (2001) En kilde til værdifulde enzymer. Polarfronten nr. 2, 6-7. Stougaard P. (2001) ”Ekstremozymer”: Nye enzymer til opgradering af industriens biprodukter. Dansk Kemi nr. 11, 29-32. Wilken U and Stougaard P (2002) Bakteriejagt i grønlandsk sodavand. Polarfronten =========================================== http://www.aquapharm.co.uk/overview.htm 을 참조하세요. Why Aquapharm The idea of exploring the potential of the marine microbial world to provide new and unseen medicines and also solutions to industrial processes was developed by its founders before the company was created in 2000. Aquapharm has developed unique technology in the discovery and isolation of new microbial species & specialises in enhancing their ability to produce novel compounds. The company has developed knowledge of the mechanisms of bacterial communities & structure that allows for their design to enhance the discovery of new molecules that are applicable in pharmaceuticals & industrial processes. Located in purpose built facilities on the west coast of Scotland, Aquapharm is exceptionally well placed to exploit the highly diverse and productive UK waters. Scotland alone has the World’s 3rd largest coastal index behind Norway and Fiji. Access to this rich natural resource has allowed Aquapharm to establish the largest, independent & commercially available library of novel marine bacterial and fungal species in the UK. Why the Marine environment: The marine environment covers three quarters of the surface of the planet; is estimated to be home to more than 80% of life and yet it remains largely unexplored. The Oceans contain a hugely diverse range of environmental niches characterised by extremes in temperature, pressure, exposure to radiation (UV) and chemical stress mechanisms. This environmental pressure has in turn led to the evolution of a range of animal and plant life not matched in any terrestrial ecosystem. The oceans are a natural progression in the development of new pharmaceuticals as most drugs in the market have been derived from natural products isolated from terrestrial plants, animals and microorganisms. Why Microbes Bacteria have been evolving for the last 3 billion years and respond to these pressures by developing elegant and rapid systems of adaptation and survival. To date, less than 5 % of the available marine bacteria and fungi have been successfully cultured providing an excellent opportunity for Aquapharm to discover new chemical classes with novel biomedical and industrial applications. The ability to produce the desired products, cost efficiently, through bio-fermentation is another benefit of the microbial system & unlike plants there is rarely a requirement for the expense of light. This can also result in the products being organically produced & marketed. In addition, the collection of microbial organisms is sustainable and has no negative impact on the environment.