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중국의 과학기술기관 현황 스크랩

  • 박종원 박종원
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  • 연세대학교
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

1. 자료명 : 중국 과학기술 활동의 통계조사 2. 저자: 중국과학기술부 3. 출판날짜 : 2001년 10월 4. 출판사 : 중화인민공화국 과학기술부 5. 내용소개 중국의 과학기술 기구 및 기관은 정부에서 추진하는 과학기술 계획을 주도적으로 실행에 옮기는 중요한 부서이다. 중국의 과학기술 동향 및 분석을 위해서 1985년부터 매년 행정구역상 현급이상의 부문에 소속된 과학 연구와 연구개발기구, 과학기술 정보 기관을 대상으로 전면적인 조사를 진행했다. 조사의 주요목적은 중국 과학기술 인력, 연구비용 재정상황, 각 기관의 과학기술 활동 상황과 개방 개혁 발전 상황을 반영하고 국가 과학기술 인력자원의 합리적인 배치와 국가 과학기술 정책과 과학기술 기획의 실제적인 효율성을 파악하기 위한 상세한 통계 수치를 제공하기 위해서이다. 5개부문으로 나누어 조사했는데, 각 부문의 연구 인원수, 연구인원의 전공 분류, 연구 과제, 연구 설비 그리고 94년도부터 2000년 사이의 연구개발의 인력, 학력, 연구분야, 연구비 지출, 연구비 예산,연구활동 상황등을 상세하게 조사했다. 또한 각 지방,성, 중앙정부, 중국과학원의 과학 논문,국외에 발표된 논문, 국내외 특허등의 통계자료가 도표로 상세히 보고되었다. 6. 목차 제1장) 자연과학과 기술영역 연구와 개발기구 - 제1절) 총론(과학기술 활동/ R&D ) - 제2절) 중앙 부문에 소속된 연구와 개발 기구 - 제3절) 지방 정부에 소속된 연구와 개발 기구 제2장) 사회, 인문과학 영역 연구와 개발 기구 제3장) 과학기술 보와 문헌 기구 - 제1절) 과학기술 활동 - 제2절) 과학기술 정보 서비스 활동 제4장) 현급 소속 연구와 개발 기구 - 제1절) 과학기술 활동 - 제2절) 농업 기술의 확장과 과학기술의 협력상황 부록1. 조사 개요(목적 및 범위) 부록2. 주요 연구개발 기구 및 연구개발 정보 부록3. 몇년간의 과학기술 통계수치의 대조 7. 분석자 서문 중국의 과학기술기관은 중국 정부에서 추진하는 과학기술계획을 주도적으로 실행에 옮기는 중요한 부서이다. 중국 과학기술부는 1985년부터 매 해 현급 및 현급 이상의 정부 부서에 속하는 전민소유제인 독립적 과학연구와 기술개발기관, 과학기술정보와 문헌기관에 대해 전면적인 조사를 진행해왔다. 그 목적은 중국이 보유한 과학기술인력, 연구비용 및 자원상황, 과학기술활동상황 및 개혁발전 상황을 반영하고, 과학기술자원의 합리적인 분배 및 과학기술정책 및 기획 수립에 필요한 상세한 통계치를 얻기 위해서다. 과학기술기구의 매년 조사에 따르면 2000년에는 국가적 차원의 대대적 구조조정 결과가 과학기술활동 및 체제개혁 방면에서 여러 통계적 수치로 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있다.(표 1. 참조) 이 자료의 분석은 연변과학기술대학의 박종원님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 박종원님께 문의하시기 바랍니다. e-mail : pjwojs@chollian.net

2002-08-16

2002년 MIT 내의 Optoelectronics 관련 프로젝트 및 연구 현황 스크랩

  • 전기/전자

1. 자료명 : Annual Report May 2002 –Optoelectronics 2. 저자: Microsystems Technology Laboratories 3. 출판날짜 : 2002년 5월 4. 출판사 : Microsystems technology laboratories, MIT, pp. 255-295 5. 내용소개 MIT의 Microsystems technology laboratories 는MIT 내의 Microsystems 관련 연구들을 통합하고 촉진하기 위해 조직되었다. Microsystems technology laboratories 의 공통된 주제는 새로운 미세 센서들과 구동기의 개발, 정보혁명의 중심부에 있는 마이크로 시스템의 설계와 제작이며 이를 위해 전자공학과, 재료공학과, 화학공학과, 기계공학과, 물리학과, 화학과의 30명이 넘는 교수들과 100여명 이상의 석박사급 학생들이 서로 협력하여 일하고 있다. 본 책자는 2002년 5월 현재 MIT내의 Microsystems technology laboratories 에서 수행되어지고 있는 프로젝트에 대해 연구 제목, 연구자, 재정지원의 출처, 그리고 연구 진행 현황에 대한 내용을 소개한다.그 중 오늘날 $2500억의 통신 시장과 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있으며 광전 산업 자체만으로도 $150억의 시장 규모를 가지고 있는, Optoelectronics관련 MIT내의 최신 연구진행 현황에 대한 분석을 통해 본 산업의 연구개발 동향과 전망을 파악하는데 유용한 참고자료가 될 수 있으리라 사료된다. 6. 목차 (1) Direct photonic beam steering (2) fabrication of 3-D photonic bandgap structure (3) Enhanced Extraction from a light-emitting diode modified by a photonic crystal and lasing action (4) Photonic band gab microcavity laser embedded in a strip waveguide (5) Gallium arsenide superprism using two dimensional photonic crystals for enhanced beam steering (6) Guiding light through sharp bends using two dimensional photonic crystals (7) fabrication techniques for integrated-optical grating-based devices (8) development of high speed DFB and DBR semiconductor lasers (9) Large scale oxidation of AlAs layers for broadband saturable Bragg reflectors (10) Development of bipolar cascade laser with an emission wavelength of 1.57um (11) SiON Waveguide Materials for Microphotonics (12) Silicon photonic band gap, microcavity and waveguide structures (13) Aligned pillar bonding technology for heterogeneous integration (14) Application of aligned pillar bonding of optical clock distribution on Si-CMOS (15) Design and variation analysis of an on-chip optical clock receiver circuit (16) Data receiver circuits for on-chip optical interconnect (17) Monolithic integration of InGa/As/GaAs/AlGaAs lasers on Si substrates (18) Optimized relexed, graded ingap and alingap transparent substrates for green light emitting devices 7. 분석자 서문 오늘날 $2500억의 통신 시장이 광전(Optoelectronics)산업에 기반을 두고 있으며, 광전 산업 자체만으로도 $150억의 시장 규모를 가지고 있고, 인터넷 사용인구의 증가와 디지털 정보 산업의 발전과 더불어 향후 수십년간 더욱 큰 성장을 이룰 것으로 기대되어 전세계에 이에 관한 연구가 빠른 속도로 늘어나고 있다. 한편, MIT의 Microsystems technology laboratories 는MIT 내의 Microsystems 관련 연구들을 통합하고 촉진하기 위해 조직되었다. Microsystems technology laboratories 의 공통된 주제는 새로운 미세 센서들과 구동기의 개발, 정보혁명의 중심부에 있는 마이크로 시스템의 설계와 제작이며 이를 위해 전자공학과, 재료공학과, 화학공학과, 기계공학과, 물리학과, 화학과의 30명이 넘는 교수들과 100여명 이상의 석박사급 학생들이 서로 협력하여 일하고 있다. 이들의 연구분야는 Integrated circuits and systems, Electronic devices, Quantum effect devices, Fabrication technique, Optoelectronics 등 다양한 분야가 있으나, 본 보고서는 Optoelectronics관련 2002년 5월 현재 MIT에서 수행되어지고 있는 프로젝트에 대해 연구 제목, 연구자, 재정지원의 출처, 그리고 연구 진행 현황에 대한 내용을 소개한다. 다만, 프로젝트의 연구 제목은 명확한 의미전달을 위하여 전문용어를 한글로 번역하지 않았음을 이해바라며, 본 보고서를 통해서 MIT내의 최신 연구개발 동향과 전망을 파악하는데 유용한 참고자료가 되기를 바란다. 이 자료의 분석은 MIT의 이택민님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 이택민님께 문의하시기 바랍니다. e-mail : taikguy@hanmail.net  

2002-08-16

The International Workshop : Coping with the Diversion of Nuclear Materials and Nuclear Terrorism 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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Japan has an extensive program of peaceful nuclear use, essential to the sustainable social and economic development of the nation. In that context and in these times, it is important that the general public to gain a better understanding of non-proliferation issues that apt to be understood only by experts, and that the profile of Japan in this field be raised by more extensively exchanging its thinking with the world. This in turn will allow Japan to increase its contribution to, and its roles of responsibility and leadership in, the international community. This Workshop is being held to those ends. Sharpened by the September 11 attacks in the U.S, attention is now focused on two subjects: preventing the diversion of nuclear materials, and coping with the threat of nuclear terrorism. The former relates to integrated safeguards and the verification system itself. In Japan, where large-scale nuclear fuel cycle facilities are to be operated, possible changes of verification system - from quantitative to qualitative measures: from facility level to national level - are very important. On the terrorist threat, both sub-national or trans-national, intense discussion within the international community have to be launched to re-evaluate and revise on-going physical protection measures. Although, the two subjects are very different in character and in the solutions to problems they represent, both are matters of international security and are vital to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Participants in the Workshop will discuss their fundamental elements and attempt to identify issues in the light of latest developments around the world.

2002-08-16

Research Horizons: Responding to Terrorism 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The First Response Researcheers develop technologies to help rescue workers improve response in a chemical or biological attack. Implications for the War on Terrorism International affairs experts offer perspectives on foreign policy, homeland defense, vulnerabilities, ethics and the European allies. Building Vulnerability Science Terrorism may change the way buildings are designed. Damage Assessment Around Ground Zero A Georgia Tech professor's advanced digital data system is expediting damage analyses in New York Speed Racers Study will monitor driver behavior to determine the role of speed in crashes. Faculty Profile: A Passion for Success Regents Researcher Krishan Ahuja attributes his success to luck, but that's just another word for his hard work and diligence. Research Notes Dentistry by Design Tools of the Trade The Future of Voting Research Links The Nanoelectronic Road Ahead Innovation Powerhouse From Lab to Market Brainpower Ingineering Edibles Faculty Awards and Honnors Faculty Research in the News

2002-08-16

Elementary, secondary, and informal education 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Informal Science Education Informal Science Education (ISE) activities provide rich and stimulating opportunities outside formal school settings where individuals of all ages, interests, and backgrounds increase their appreciation and understanding of science, mathematics, engineering, and technology. ISE projects take place in diverse environments (e.g., museums, zoos, arboreta, community centers, homes) and involve the use of various media (e.g., broadcast, film, interactive technology, print, exhibits). Projects typically are disigned to reach large audiences or to have the potential for significant national or regional impact. To broaden its impact. ISE promotes collaboratios among organizations that have similar goals, especially when projects can bridge the informal and formal education communities. Through collaborations, partners combine their resources and expertise to develop effective strategies for reaching target audiences. A special class of projects, NSF After School Centers for Exploration and New Discovery (ASCEND), is part of ISE's community-based program activities.

2002-08-16

Preparing Our Children: Math and Science Education in the National Interest 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

In a culture dedicated to opportunity for all, nothing is more important than preparing our children for the future workplace, For a mobile population, local schools are de facto national resources for learning. The National Science Board (NSB), charged with advising the President and the Congress on national science policy, urges a nation-wide consensus on a core of knowledge and competency in mathematics and science. The Board believes it is both possible and imperative to develop national strategies that serve the national interest while respecting local responsibility for K-12 teaching and learning. In this report, the NSB draws on research and analysis that show how stakeholders working in their home communities can converge on what matters most in promoting student achievement. The Board further suggests that the science and engineering communities - both individually and through their institutions - represent a special resource for local schools, teachers, and students.

2002-08-14

Advanced Technological Education (ATE) 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Advanced Technological Education (ATE) program promotes improvement in the education of science and engineering technicians at the undergraduate and the secondary school levels. The Program is managed jointly by the Division of Undergraduate Education(DUE) and the Division of Elementary, Secondary, and Informal Education (ESIE). It has become increasingly apparent that the quality of America's high-technology work force depends on strong and innovative science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) education at associate degree-granting institutions. For this reason, the ATE program focuses on two-year colleges to have a leadership role in all projects. Effective technological education programs should involve partnerships between two-year colleges, four-year colleges and universities, secondary schools, business, industry, and government, and should respond to industry's need for well-prepared workers having adaptable skills. Proposals to the ATE program may aim to affect either specialized technology technology courses or core science, mathematics, and technology courses that serve as prerequisites or corequisites for specialized technology coureses. Activities in support of advanced technological education may include the design and implementation of new educational materials, courses, laboatories, and curricula; the adaptation of existing exemplary educational materials, courses, and curricula in new educational settings; the preparation and professional development of college faculty and secondary school teachers; internships and field experiences for students, faculty, and teachers; and the broad dissemination of exemplary educational materials and pedagogical strategies that have been developed through previously funded ATE awards. Activities may have either a national or a regional focus, but not a purely local one, Fields supported by the ATE program include, but are not limited to, agricultural technology, biotechnology, chemical technology, computer and information technology, electronics, environmental technology, geographic information systems, manufacturing and engineering technology, marine technology, multimedia technology, telecommunications, and transportation technology. All projects supported by the ATE program must be guided by a coherent vision of technological education - a vision that recognizes the needs of the modern workplace, of students as lifelong learners, and for articulation of educational programs at different levels. The program especially encourages efforts that: - develop innovative educational approaches in core science, mathematics, and technology courses at the secondary school and college levels, so that students with diverse needs can acquire strong backgrounds that enable them to complete programs in technological fields and continue in future academic work; - implement the national science, mathematics, technology, and industry standards in education;\ - recognize current and projected occupational requirements and give prospective technicians insight into real-world work environments; - serve the needs of not only first-time students but also returning students and workers seeking new career opportunities or new skills; - link educators and educational progrmas in two-year colleges, four-year colleges and universities, secondary schools, and industry; - aim to spur major changes and significant improvements beyond the grantee institution and to produce educational materials that can be used nationally; In addition, the ATE program seeks to enhance educational opportunities for postsecondary students by encouraging comprehensive articulation agreements between two-year institutions. Throuugh these articulation partnerships, the program focuses specifically on strenthening the science, mathematics, and technology preparation of K-12 teachers and on facilitating the transition of students from SMET associate's degree progrmas to related bachelor's degree programs, especially those having a strong technological basis.

2002-08-14

BEST PRACTICLES: Improving the preparation of our nation's science, mathematics&technology teachers 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

For this year's annual meeting, the Collaboratives for Excellence in Teacher Preparation(CETP) project directors met with their counterparts from the Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP) program to discuss specific recommendations and examples for improving the quality of teacher preparation. Building on the 1998 meeting, which established guidelines for reform, the 1999 meeting discussed ways to build upon those guidelines to define specific examples of what we now know from the program to be best practices. The one-day meeting was organized into three tracks to discuss the broad areas of people, programs, and institutions. To facilitate that discussion, each represented Collaborative and LSAMP project was asked to bring with them one specific example of a "best practice" for presentation in one of the three groups. In addition, participants in each track were asked to consider a variety of questions, based in part on the 1998 CETP annual meeting report, Guidelines for Reform. In most cases, participants in the three tracks opted to divide themselves up into smaller groups to discuss the examples and questions before them. The following document is an overview of some of the highlights of the small group discussions and the recommendations presented to all the participants combined with representative examples of some of the best practices they shared. This report is not intended to be the final word on reform; however, it is a significant contribution to the on-going dialog of how to continue to improve the quality of science, mathematics, and technology teaching and learning for all students of all ages. For more information on any of the programs highlighted here, see the appendix for phone numbers, websites, and E-mail addresses of the projects cited.

2002-08-14

Nuclaer Law Bulletin: Supplement to No.68 Volume 2001/2 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Korea Act on Compensation for Nuclear Damage (as amended on 16 January 2001) The purpose of this Act is to protect victims and to contribute to the sound development of the nuclear industry by establishing matters relating to compensation in the event of nuclear damage arising during the operation of a nuclear reactor. Norway Act on Radiation Protection and Use of Radiation (12 May 2000) The purpose of this Act is to prevent the harmful effects of radiation on human health and to contribute to the protection of the environment. Poland Atomic Energy Act (29 November 2000)

2002-08-13

Main Science and Technology Indicators Volume 2001/2 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

This publication is prepared by the Economic Analysis and Statistics (EAS) Division of the OECD Secretatiat in collaboration with the Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI). It contains the main data series selected from the OECD Scientific and Technological Indicators database. It is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The first part of this publication presents key figures in the field of science and technology. These are found in one summary table and several graphs showing the most used indicators. The second part consists of 71 standard tables showing data series on resources devoted to research and experimental development(R&D) and some measures of output and the impact of scientific and technological activities. It is complemented by a description of the general methodology used. National specifications and background economic indicators are shown in annex.

2002-08-13