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캐나다의 바이오기술과 산업 스크랩

  • 박민식 박민식
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  • 스틱인베스트먼트(주)
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  • 생명과학

1. 자료명 : Biotechnology and cleaner production in Canada 2. 저자: Kim Ah-You, Moe Suleiman, John Jaworski 3. 출판날짜 : 2000년 5월 4. 출판사 : Life Sciences Branch, Industry Canada 5. 내용소개 : 산업의 급격한 발달에 따른 부산물로 각종 환경오염 및 공해가 심각한 사회문제로 대두되고 있고 이에 따라 이미 오염된 지역의 정화보다는 생산과정에서 오염물질의 발생을 최소화하려는 노력이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 유전체학을 포함한 생명공학 분야의 최근의 발달로 인해 이러한 환경오염문제를 해결할 수 있는 실마리를 찾을 수 있으리라고 기대되는 시점에서 작성된 상기 보고서는 생명공학 기술을 이용하여 에너지효율을 증가시키고 생산공정단계에서 오염물질의 발생을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 6. 목차 1)Executive summary 2)Introduction 3)Methodology 4)Energy use and emissions of green house gases and polluting substances in selected sectors 5)Sectoral descriptions 6)Government programs and strategies 7)Assessment and proposed future steps for PERD 7. 분석자 서문 본 연구는 캐나다 산업 부문에서 에너지 효율 증대 및 온실가스, 독성물질 감소등 청정 환경을 위한 바이오 기술의 사용이 얼마나 이루어지고 있고 향후 얼마나 발전할 수 있는지 전반적인 현황을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 현재 적용되고 있는 기술과 향후 적용가능한 잠재력에 대해 모두 고찰하고 있다. 전체적인 목적은 주요 산업 부 서의 바이오 기술 적용에 관한 이해를 높이고 이러한 기술의 적용 확대를 유도하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. . 캐나다 산업 중 어느 분야에 바이오기술의 적용이 가능한가에 대한 이해 증진 . 경제적, 환경적 이익을 가져오는 청정 공정을 개발하기 위한 바이오기술 에 대한 캐나다 연구 공동체의 능력 증 . 청정 기술에 대한 산업계의 수용 능력 평가 . 적극적인 바이오 기술 채용을 위한 장애 제거, 전략적 투자를 포함한 캐나다의 연구 능력 및 수용 능력의 증대 방안 마련 이 자료의 분석은 삼성벤처투자의 박민식님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 박민식님께 문의하시기 바랍니다. e-mail : minsik@samsung.com

2002-08-12

2015 년의 유전체학과 사회 스크랩

  • 최석용 최석용
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  • 미국국립보건원
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  • 생명과학

1. 자료명 : ESRC Genomics Scenario Project 2. 저자: ESRC (Economic & Social Research Council) 3. 출판날짜 : 2002년 1월 4. 출판사 : IAF, CRIC 5. 내용소개 이 보고서는 영국의 ESRC(Economic & Social Research Council)의 지원하에 미국의 IAF(Institure for Alternative Futures)와 영국의 CRIC(Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition)에 의해 작성된 것으로 Genomics의 미래를 여러 가지의 시나리오로 상정하여, 발전방향, 응용 및 사회적 영향 등을 다양한 각도에서 분석하였다. 이 보고서는 총 6부로 되어 있다. 6. 목차 1) Executive Summary fo the Genomics Scenario project 2) Overview and Forecasts of the Applications of Genomics 3) Key Drivers of Genomics: Forecasts for 2015 4) CRIC Report of Genomics and Social Science 5) Genomics and Society: Four Scenarios for 2015 6) Report on the Scenario Workshop 7. 분석자 서문 1987년 80286 AT 컴퓨터가 전성기를 맞을 무렵, 당시의 사회과학자들에게 15년후 컴퓨터가 사회에서 어떤 위치를 차지하게 될지 예상해보라고 했다면 어떤 예측이 나왔을까? 100% 정확한 예상을 기대할 수는 없지만 어느 정도 유사한 예측은 그 당시 사람들이 미래를 준비하는데 큰 도움이 되었을 것이다. 아래 보고서는 영국 경제사회연구회(ESRC, Economics and Social Research Council)가 사회 각 분야의 사람들을 면담한 후 향후 15년간 유전 학의 발전으로 인해 대두될 사회과학적 문 들을 열거한 것으로, 2002년 1월에 작성된 것이다. 이 보고서에서 유전체학 (genomics)은 전체 유전자의 연구라는 본래 의미보다는, 생명공학(biotechnology)의 의미로 사용되고 있다. 160여 페이지를 13페이지로 압축하다보니 생략된 부문이 있으므로, 15년 후 유전체학이 사회에서 어떤 위상을 차지할지 관심이 있는 분은 원문(http://www.altfutures.com/pubs/esrc/esrc.htm)을 참조하기를 권한다. 이 자료의 분석은 뉴욕주립대학의 최석용님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 최석용님께 문의하시기 바랍니다. e-mail : nuc@usa.com

2002-08-12

호주의 정보 경제 스크랩

  • 윤영곤 윤영곤
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  • 미등재기관
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  • 정보/통신

1. 자료명 : Australia’s Information Economy 2. 저자: Allen Consulting Group 3. 출판날짜 : 2000년 5월 4. 출판사 : National Office for the Information Economy 5. 내용소개 : 이 보고서는 2002년 4월에 발간되었고, 호주 정보산업의 미래를 위해 2004-5년까지 정보산업이 나아가야 할 방향과 정책을 분석한 보고서로, 호주 정부의 의뢰로 앨런 컨설팅에 의해 작성되었다. 최근의 자료를 이용, 현 이슈에 대한 분석을 중심으로 장기적인 비젼을 위한 정책 제시라는 점에서 연구물의 의의가 크며, 최근 호주가 e-government 부분에서 세계 4위에 올라있는 것도 이런 정책의 연속선상에 있다고 할 수 있다. 정보산업의 경제적 영향, 주요 리스크, Broadband 인터넷, IT 기술인력 부족의 문제, Privacy와 보안문제등의 주요 문제들을 심도있게 다루었으며 Monash 대학에서 개발한 모델을 통해 구조적 변화에 대한 예측을 시도하였다. 6. 목차 1) Executive Summary 2) Section one: Context 3) Section two: Economic Impacts 4) Section three: Key Risks 5) Section four: Broadband Internet Access 6) Section five: The IT Skills Shortage 7) Section six: Privacy and Security Issues 8) Section seven: Conclusion Appendix A Forcasting Structural change with the Monash Model 7. 분석자 서문 호주는 세계적인 불황에도 불구하고 지속적인 경제성장을 이루어왔는데 “정보경제(Information Economy)” 로의 구조적 전환이 이런 경제성장에 커다란 기여를 했다고 볼 수 있다. 구체적으로 “정보경제”는 호주 GDP의 4.3%에 해당되는 280억 달러의 수입을 창출하고 있다. 이런 이유에서 Allen Consulting Group은 Monash대학의 정책학 연구소(Centre of Policy Studies)와 공동으로 호주 정부(National Office for the Information Economy, NOIE)를 위한 보고서를 준비하였다. 이 보고서는 호주의 정보경제의 크기와 성격을 분석한 Built for Business와 NOIE의 E-commerce Beyond 2000리포트에 근거하여 작성되었는데, 주된 분석틀로는Computable General Equilibrium 모델인MONASH 모델이 사용되었고, 정보경제가 가져올 광범위한 영향과 변화를 정확히 예측하고자 하는 목적으로 작성되었다. 또한 이 연구는 정보경제의 보급에 따른 영향, 특히 B2B, B2C, 그리고 정보경제를 지원하는데 요구되는 자원 증가 등의 분석을 위해 시나리오 기법을 이용하였고, 정보경제의 장애물로 파악되는 IT인력기술의 부족, broadband 인터넷 접속 부진, 그리고 프라이버시 및 보안 문제를 정보경제가 원활한 진행되었을 경우와 그렇지 못할 경우를 비교, 시뮬레이션 함으로써 그 차이와 영향을 알기 쉽게 분석했다. 이 보고서의 최대 장점은 그동안 단면적인 분석에 그쳤던 정보경제 분석을, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통한 과학적 방법론을 사용함으로써 정책보완 및 수정에 커다란 적절성을 부여하였다는 것이다. 즉, 과거의 데이터에 현재의 정책과 경향을 결합시켜 컴퓨터에 의한 시뮬레이션을 통해 미래를 예측함으로써 부분적이고 단면적인 분석이 아니라 보다 체계적이고 복합적인 결과를 산출해 낼 수 있게 했다. 또한 최근의 주요 자료들을 바탕으로 개별적인 리스크를 분석함으로써 미시적이거나 거시적인 연구결과를 모두 도출해낼 수 있고, 자료를 정책 활용할 수 있는 실용적인 측면을 가지고 있다. 이런 연구는 아직 시작단계에 있으며, 정보경제의 전반적인 분야나 리스크 요소들이 포함되어 있지 않은 개론적인 제한점을 지니고 있다. 또한 다른 주요국들과의 비교가 이루어지지 않아 모델에 대한 타당성 분석에 더 많은 연구가 요구되고 있지만 새로운 방법론을 통한 정보경제 연구로서 커다란 의의를 가진다고 할 수 있다. 이 자료의 분석은 University of New South Wales의 윤영곤님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 윤영곤님께 문의하시기 바랍니다. e-mail : Joseph.Yoon@industry.gov.au

2002-08-12

The Small Business Innovation Research Program : Challenges and Opportunities 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

◆ Panel I: History and Current Legislative Perspective on the SBIR program - Origins of and Common Myths About the SBIR Program ◆ Panel II: Research Perspectives on the SBIR - The Government As Venture Capitalist: An Analysis of the SBIR ◆ Panel III: Case Studies - Relational Technologies - Digital System Resources - Quantum Energy Technologies ◆ Panel IV: Program Challenges - Operational Views ◆ Panel V: Improving Assessment and Selection - Leesons from the Advanced Technology Program - The SBIR Experience at NIH - The Fast Track Pilot ◆ Panel VI: Observation and Policy Issues: Agency Perspectives

2002-08-12

The International Conference on Socio-Economic Evaluation of Public Research and Development 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Japan is in need of a highly effective science and technology system that will contribute to the world through the enhancement of knowledge and application, facilitate continuous growth for the coountry and enable it to take a stance appropriate to its place in the world, and solve the country's socioeconomic problems. Another critical issue is the establishment of a management system for administrative policymaking: a system that would facilitate the planning and implementatino of more effective transparent policy. In this context, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) are carrying out evaluation of research and development based on the "Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry Guideline for Technology Evaluation," which was established in 1997 and amended in May 2001. Also, the government as a whole set up the "Government Policy Evaluation Act (GPEA)" in June 2001, and the Prime Minister established the "National Guideline on the Method of Evaluation for Government R&D" in November 2001. Such steps have been taken in response to the need for proactive implementation of policy evaluation and research and development evaluation as one component of the policy management cycle known as "plan-do-see-plan." At The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI) and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) emphasis is currently being placed on how to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of carrying out research and development, and on developing a set of evaluation techniques via international cooperation and incorporating it in the research and development process. The International Conference is therefore staged with the following three objectives: 1) Information exchange on perspectives and techniques for evaluating the socioeconomic impact of research and development between representatives from a range of countries, including the Asian block 2) Exchange of opinion from a range of viewpoints on future directions of the above. 3) Building of a related human resources network involved in the evaluation process. It is our hope that in the future this International Conference will prove to be of significance not only for administrative agencies involved in the evaluation process, but for industry and the people as well. We sincerely welcome as many participants as possible.

2002-08-12

Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experiences from the IAEA/NEA Incident Reporting System 1996-1999 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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Incident reporting has become an increasingly important aspect of the operation and regulation of all public health and safety-related industries. Diverse industries such as aeronautics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and explosives all depend on operating experience feedback to provide lessons learned about safety. The Incident Reporting System (IRS) is an essential element of the international operating experience feedback system for nuclear power plants. IRS reports contain information on events of safety significance with important lessons learned. These experiences assist in reducing or eleminating recurrence of events at other plants. The IRS is jointly operated and managed by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), a semi-autonomous body within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a specialised agency within the United Nations system. This report highlights imprtant lessons lerned from events reported to the IRS over the period of July 1996-June 1999. A total of 342 events were reported by the participating countries during this time. Several areas were selected in this report to show the range of important topics available in the IRS. These include several different types of failure in a variety of systems, as well as experience of human errors in combination with systems, as well as experience of human errors in combination with system failures. It is important that sufficient national resources be allocated to enable timely reporting of events important to safety, and to share these events in the IRS database. This report is intended to provide general information for senior officials in industry and government who have decision-making roles in the nuclear power industry.

2002-08-12

Trends in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Nuclear energy has been part of the world's energy mix for almost fifty years. However, over the past twenty years increased public concern over this form of energy has resulted in socio-political constraints on its use. Yet recently expressed concerns over sustainable development and climate change have caused renewed interest in the potential role of nuclear energy in the world's future energy supply mix. The role of nuclear energy in a sustainable energy future has multiple facets, a significant number of which relate to the nuclear fuel cycle. Many sustainability issues are associated with the fuel cycle, e.g. use of natural resources, economics, waste arisings, public aeeptance, proliferation resistance. In addition, the development of new reactor types with improved characteristics will generally entail concurrent important developments in the related fuel cycle. With this in mind, the NEA Committee for Technical and Economic Studies on Nuclear Energy Development and the Fuel Cycle considered that a fresh look at the nuclear fuel cycle options was timely. A study was thus undertaken to review the main developments in the nuclear fuel cycle that may further improve the competitiveness and sustainability of nuclear generating systems. The present report seeks to place the defferent fuel cycle developments in a medium and longer-term framework that may respond to societal demand for more sustainable energy options. It addresses prioritisation issues by considering criteria and indicators for future nuclear energy systems. It supports other NEA reports on the role of nuclear energy in a sustainable context and is directed towards those readers involoved in nuclear energy policy and decision making. The study was carried out by an Expert Group (see Annex A) comprising representatives of the nuclear industry, government agencies, and research organisations involved in various aspects of nuclear fuel cycle development. It does not necessarily represent the official governmental opinion of NEA Member countries or that of the international organisations involved. The report is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.

2002-08-12

NRC Biotechnology Research Institute Annual Report 2000-2001 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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* National Research Council Canada(Conseil national de recherches Canada)의 연례보고서 및 각종 Brochure The year 2000 has been called the 'dawn of the Biotech Century' by industry experts. It witnessed one of the key events in the life sciences and a bellwether of the industry's future - the June completion of the first draft of the human genome. The commercial interest generated by this, in concert with the continued expansion in the portfolio of biotech drugs and vaccines on the market (over 110 currently, with upwards of 300 in late-stage clinical trials) led to biotechnology's most successful year ever in attracting investment on the public markets. In the U.S. alone, biotech companies raised $24 billion in IPOs and follow-up offerings on the strength of genomics and the record 21 new biotech drugs approved by the U.S. FDA for everything from heart attacks, high cholesterol and cancer to diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. This is just short of the total raised by the industry during the entire decade of the 1990s ($26 billion). Experts view genomics and its follow-up, proteomics, as the key reason for investor confidence in biotechnology and a major engine of growth in the health, agriculture and environmental sectors of the economy. In the health sector, stem cell research is producing advances in neuron degenerating conditions such as Alzhimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and reversing damage from paralysis injuries. Gene therapy is being used to treat inherited diseases like cystic fibrosis and hemophilia, while monoclonal antibody technology's specificity is being directed at breast cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. In agriculture, despite concerns, over 100 million acres of GM food (canola, corn, cotton, soybeans, potatoes) are now under cultivation (over 80% in the U.S. and Canada) with total revenues of over $3 billion in 2000. While most of these genetic modifications involved pesticide and herbicide resistance, a landmark transformation of rice to include vitamin A in its genome promises to protect Third World children against blindness and adults against anemia. Bananas transformed to include vitamin E are on the horizon. In the environmental sector, a growing industry aims at sustainable development by using such techniques as modified microorganisms to convert waste biomass to energy and metabolize intractable organic and inorganic gollutants, and plants to scavenge heavy metals from soils. In the United States, the world's largest biotechnology industry, there are now upwards of 1,300 biotech companies, with more and more of them finally becoming profitable. Over the year, they generated total revenues of over $20 billion (rising to $42 billion with revenues of the industry s service firms) and they spent over $11 billion on research and develpment. During this same period, the total market capitalization of 300 publicly traded companies jumped from $137-9 billion to $353.5 billion over the year. In Europe, there has been equally significant growth in the industry over the year despite generalized Green Party opposition, with the number of companies jumping by 173 to a total of 1351. Across the continent, the industry tends to be uneven, with Germany having the most companies, though most are small, and the UK having about two thirds of the industry's total value. Biotechnology revenues increased by 45% to 5.4 billion Euro over the year, due mainly to alliances with Big Pharma. This is in sharp contrast to the U.S., where vast infusions of investment dollars have in many cases freed biotech companies from selling off their IP and allowed them to pursue their drug development through to registration alone. In Canada, biotechnology enjoyed a similar, albeit proportionally smaller, burst of growth to that of the U.S. industry during the year. In 2000, Cnadian biotechnology was in a virtual tie with the UK as the world's second largest industry, with over 370 firms from coast to coast, concentrated in Quebec and Ontario (40% apeice). The annual revenues of the industry topped $2 billion, with R&D spending just upwards of $1 billion. Most of the revenues and research spending were in the health and agri-food sectors, reflecting the fact that three quarters of Canada's biotech companies are in these sectors. There are now about 90 publicly traded Canadian biotechnology companies. To support biotechnology's leading edge, the Canadian government provided $160 million in its 2000 budget for genomics research funding through Genome Canada. Currently, there are 35-40 start-up companies conducting genomics R&D across Canada, particularly in Montreal which continues to rank as one of the ten largest pharmaceutical/biotechnology centres in North America. Over the quarter century of biotechnology's relatively short existence, one quarter of a billion people have benefited from the more than 100 drugs and vaccines produced in the industry's laboratories. Today, genomics, proteomics and information science are transforming biotechnology, further strengthening its capacity to accelerate development in the health, agriculture and environmental industries.

2002-08-12

Underpinning the Future of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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Biological Resource Centres: Underpinning the Future of Life Sciences and Biotechnology appears 19 years after the OECD's first report on biotechnology (Biotechnology - International Treands and Perspectives, 1982) when experts and policy circles were still wondering whether this new technology was just one new tool in the changing toolkit of the chemicals industry, or whether it had perhaps more far-reaching significance. Biological Resource Centres appears at the beginning of what has been called the "century of the life sciences" and in a radically different intellectual environment. The turn-about in political and public perception began in1999-2000. triggered by the crisis over genetically modified food in Europe and the sequencing of the human genome. There is now little doubt that the breakthroughs in biotechnology, genomics and genetics will affect our societies and many aspects of our life as profoundly as information technologies have already done. However, there is still only scanty awareness that biotechnology will lead to many chanages in government policy, public information, law, education and the scientific and technological infrastructure. This report alerts policy makers and the public to the fact that the framework conditions of the new technology, its scientific and technological infrastructure and its raw materials differ greatly from those that underpinned earlier technologies. Understanding of these differences will be essential if the technology is to developsuccessfully. How do we move from technologies based on mineral resources (metals, coal, oil, etc.) and on physics, chemistry and engineering to technologies increasingly based on biological resources and, more particularly, on something that is essentially invisible - the living cell and its genes?

2002-08-12

Sustainable Development and the New Economy (FORUM 2001) 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

ㅇ Auken Calls for Global Deal on Sustainable Development ㅇ Decoupling Environment from Economic Growth ㅇ Cheaper Drugs will not Solve Today's Health Concerns ㅇ Newspaper Executive Frames "Storylist" for Sustainable Development ㅇ Turning Information into Knowledge - and Money ㅇ Looking Beyond the Dot.coms ㅇ Natural Capitalism makes Economic Sense ㅇ Risky Technologies and Old Battle Lines ㅇ Transport Experts gloomy about the Road to Sustainable Development ㅇ Harvard Scientist warns Environmental Damage Irreversible ㅇ Beyond the Digital Divide ㅇ Rising Migration: from Public Disquiet to International Oversight ㅇ New Economy:Online Shopping or Shared Knowledge? ㅇ Microsoft Executive Spells out Technology's Role in Cutting Poverty ㅇ Organic Farming not Automatic Best Option for Developing World ㅇ Trade and Poverty Reduction in the 21st Century ㅇ Governance Key Concern in Electronic Economy ㅇ Sustainable Solutions and the Unsustainable Divide ㅇ Politicians Alone Cannot Change Public Attitudes to Energy ㅇ Diversity is Key to Sustainable Energy ㅇ Can Profitability Go Hand-in-hand with Responsibility? ㅇ Sustainable Development: NGOs Question Global Trade Policies ㅇ Economists Caucious About Impact of ICT ㅇ Transparency is Key to Stability, Trichet Says ㅇ New Trade Round Crucial for Developing World ㅇ Globally Networked Model for Government over Traditional Hierarchies ㅇ Carter Challenges Rich Nations to Move Beyond Talk ㅇ Rorum Partnership Opportunities

2002-08-09