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Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy 스크랩

  • Wendy H. Schacht
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Clinton-Gore Administration articulated a national technology policy during its first term and continues to follow its guidance. This policy includes both direct and indirect governmental support for private sector activities in research, development, and commercialization of technology. Many of the ideas reflect past congressional initiatives. As the 107th Congress develops its budget priorities, how the government encourages technological progress in the private sector again may be explored and/or redefined.

2002-01-15

Science and Engineering Degrees, by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients : 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

This report is based on final data from two Federal surveys. The first is the U.S. Department of Education's Completions Survey conducted annually by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) as part of the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System(IPEDS). The second is the Survey of Earned Doctorates, conducted annually for the National Science Foundation (NSF) and four other Federal agencies. Each source is described in more detail in the following sections. Data from the Completions Survey were used to report the number of bachelor's and master's degrees. The data on doctoral degrees in this report were derived from the Survey of Earned Doctorates, which surveyed all individuals earning research doctorates, rather than from the Completions Survey, which surveyed the institutions awarding the doctorates. The Survey of Earned Doctorate data were preferred because the data provided by individuals are more specific with respect to the field of specialization and are less likely to contain errors in data reporting and data entry than are the aggregate data provided by institutions. Furthermore, doctorate data provide 100 percent coverage for data by field and sex of individual recipients, whereas insitutional data are subject to imputation for nonresponse. For a comparison of reporting on doctoral degrees in the Completions Survey and the Survey of Earned Doctorates, see National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Doctorates: 1960-91, NSF 93-301, Detailed Statistical Tables (Washington, DC, 1993) In this report, the racial and ethnic categories among U.S. citizens (and permanent resident aliens), who were degree recipients during the 1989-97 period, are charted and tabulated. The following five racial/ethnic categories were the standard in Federal Government surveys of institutions in this reporting period: - Black, nono-Hispanic - American Indian or Alaskan Native - Asian or Pacific Islander - Hispanic - White, non-Hispanic

2002-01-15

Federal Funds for Research and Development 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Funds for research and development were reported on a 3-year basis comparable with the 2000 budget, upon which the data were based. The amounts reported for each year, as already stated, are the obligations or outlays incurred in that year, regardless of when funds were authorized or received by an agency and regardless of whether the funds were identified in the agency's budget specifically for research, development, R&D plant, or some combination of the three. The respondents reconciled the data reported to the Federal funds survey with the amounts for R&D they reported to the office of Management and Budget for the 2000 President's budget. Some agencies are not able to report the full costs of research and development. For example, the headquarters costs of planning and administering R&D programs of the DoD (estimated at a fraction of 1 percent of the agency's R&D total) are excluded, because this agency has stated that identification of the amounts is impracticable. R&D plant data are also underreported to some extent because of the difficulty encountered by some agencies, particularly DoD's respondents report obligations for the R&D plant funded under the agency's construction appropriation, but they are able to identify only a small portion of the R&D plant support that is within R&D contracts funded from DoD's appropriation for research, development, testing, and evaluation. Similarly, NASA respondents cannot separately identify the portions of industrial R&D contracts that apply to R&D plant; R&D plant data are subsumed in the R&D data covering industrial performance. NASA R&D plant data for other performing sectors are reported separately.

2002-01-15

PNGV(차세대 자동차 파트너쉽) 프로그램 7차 보고서 스크랩

1. 자료명: Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Seventh Report 2. 저자: National Research Council 3. 출판사: National Academy Press 4. 출판날짜: 2001년 5. 내용소개: 이 자료는 미국 National Research Council의 Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles가 작성한 보고서이다. 차세대 자동차 개발사업에 대한 개괄적인 소개와 함께 각 분야별 주요 업적및 전략을 논의하고 있다. 미국의 차세대 자동차 기술의 동향과 전망을 파악하는데 유용한 참고자료가 될 것으로 기대된다. 한국의 경우 1992년부터 자동차부품연구원 주관으로 차세대 자동차 기술개발 사업이 진행되고 있다. 이 자료는 한국와 미국의 차세대 자동차 기술수준을 비교평가하는 데에도 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다. 분석자 서문 : 본 합동 연구 보고서는 미국의 연방정부(Federal Government)와 DaimlerChrysler, GM, Ford 등 미국내 주요 자동차 업체를 회원으로 거느리고 있는 전미자동차협의회(USCAR ; United States Council for Automotive Research)가 구성한 차세대자동차개발위원회 (PNGV ; Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles)의 차세대 자동차의 연구와 개발 내용을 국가연구협의회(National Research Council)가 작성한 것이다. 차세대 자동차를 위한 합동연구는 세계적인 경쟁력을 갖춘, 생산성, 공간 활용성 및 승차감이 높으면서 연료를 획기적으로 절약할 수 있는 기술, 새로운 배기가스 기준을 만족시키는 환경친화적 기술 등을 달성하여 가까운 미래에 이러한 기술을 적용한 자동차를 대량 생산하어 대중적으로도 구매가치가 높은 차세대 자동차를 개발하는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구 보고서는 미 국가연구협의회의 차세대자동차개발위원회 (PNGV ; Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles)가 영문으로 작성한 연례 7차 합동 보고서로서 정확한 명칭을 명기해야 할 필요가 있는 곳이나, 약자로 정리된 곳에는 명칭의 한국어 번역과 함께 영어 원문을 표기하였다. 연구서는 프로그램의 개요와 하부시스템의 개발, 자동차 공학의 발전, 프로그램총람의 순으로 되어 있으나, 연구 보고서의 상당 부분은 차세대 자동차를 위한 하부시스템에 집중되어 있다. 따라서 연구보고서가 중점을 둔 제 3절 “하부시스템의 개발”은 세부 목차를 두어 세밀하게 요약 정리하였다. 본 연구서의 요약문이 국내의 자동차 기술 관련 분야에 종사하는 연구인력이나 정책결정자, 향후 21세기에 적극 활용될 차세대 자동차 기술의 발전과 우리나라 자동차 산업의 국제적 경쟁력 향상에 이바지하고자 하는 학생이나 연구자들에게 유익한 참고 자료가 되기를 바란다. 참고로 미 부시 정부는 클린턴 정부가 진행하던 PNGV 프로젝트를 대체하여 Freedom Car 라는 새로운 파트너쉽 프로젝트를 2002년 1월 9일부터 진행하고 있으며 연료전지 시스템의 실용화에 가장 큰 목표를 두고 있다. 이 자료의 분석은 KAIST 기계공학과에 계시는 김병준님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 김병준님께 문의하시기 바랍니다. e-mail : zizi@kaist.ac.kr 첨부. .PNGV - Kim byungjoon.pdf 원문은 관련 URL을 보시기 바랍니다

2002-01-14

2001 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control 스크랩

  • 김상선 김상선
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  • 과학기술정보통신부
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  • 정보/통신

학회개요 : IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)는 1962년에 Discrete Adaptive Processes Symposium으로 시작해서 올해 40회를 맞는 학회로서 American Control Conference (ACC)와 더불어 제어 및 시스템 분야의 가장 규모가 크며 권위 있는 학회이다. CDC는 기계, 전자, 항공 분야 전반에 걸친 제어 및 시스템 이론 및 응용을 다루고 있다. 금년 학회는 미국 플로리다주 올란도에서2001년 12월 4-7일까지 4일 동안 개최되었다. 1416편의 논문이 제출되었고 그 중 총 949편의 논문이 13개 트랙에서 156세션으로 나눠 발표되었다. Plenary lecture에서는 새로운 개념의 물리적 이론 제시, 비선형 제어, Lyapunov’s Second Method 등에 대한 주제로 발표가 이루어졌다. 이번 학회에서는 예전과 비교하여 특히 응용분야에 대한 관심이 증대된 점을 알 수 있는데 여러 응용 분야 중에서도 가장 많은 관심을 끌고 있는 분야는 통신망과 생체 시스템이라고 여겨진다. 특히 통신망.의 경우 최근 제어 및 시스템 분야에서 오랜 기간 확립되어진 체계적인 이론을 적용함으로써 좋은 성과를 얻고 있어 여러 연구자들의 주목을 끌고 있다. 이 외에도 컴퓨터 시스템, 양자(quantum) 제어, 비전 시스템 등을 비롯한 다양한 응용 분야의 논문이 발표되었다. 이 학회의 보고서는 서울대학교의 박경준님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 박경준님께 문의하시기 바랍니다. e-mail : kjpark@csl.snu.ac.kr

2002-01-14

The National Institute of Standards and Technology : An Overview 스크랩

  • Wendy H. Schacht
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST), a laboratory of the Department of Commerce, was a major player in the Clinton Administration's strategy for civilian technology investment. However, the 104th Congress cut funding levels 18% between FY1995 and FY1997. In FY1998, this trend was temporarily reversed when the NIST budget increased 20% primarily due to additional financing for construction. FY1999 appropriations were 5% below the previous year, while FY2000 support remained constant. In FY2001, the NIST appropriation decreased 6% to $598.3 million as a result of fewer construction dollars. For FY2002, President Bush requested $487.5 million to fund NIST, almost 19% below the earlier fiscal year. While new funding for the Advanced Technology Program(ATP) would have been curtailed, the budget proposal included an 11% percent increase in support for the laboratory's internal research and development activities. H.R.2500, as originally passed by the House, provided $490 million for NIST, an 18% decrease as a result of the absence of funding for ATP. The first version of H.R.2500 passed by the Senate financed NIST at $695.5 million, 42% above the House bill and 16% more than FY2001, as funding for ATP would substantially increase. The final legislation, P.L.107-77, funds NIST at $674.5 million, 13% above the Prior fiscal year. Included in this is a 27% increase in support for the Advanced Technology Program.

2002-01-14

Electronic Warfare: EA-6B Aircraft Modernization and Relaxed Issues for Congress 스크랩

  • Christopher Bolkcom
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Congress and the Department of Defense(DoD) face difficult and potentially costly choices when considering updating a key facet of the U.S. electronic warfare (EW) farce structure. Presently, the Navy's EA-6B Prowler is the only airborne radar jamming system available to protect Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force aircraft. The Prowler, though still capable, is aging and in short supply, Its retirement is scheduled far 2015.

2002-01-14

The Advanced Technology Program 스크랩

  • Wendy H. Schacht
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Advanced Technology Program(ATP) was created by P.L.100-418, the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, to encourage public-private cooperation in the development of pre-competitive technologies with broad application across industries. Administered by the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST), a laboratory of the Department of Commerce, this activity has been targeted for elimination as a means to cut federal spending. However, strong support by the Clinton Administration led to continued funding in FY1997 and FY1998, although at reduced levels. FY1999 appropriations were 3% above the previous year; FY2000 funding decreased 28% to $142.6 million. While the original FY2001 appropriations bill passed by the House included no financing for ATP, P.L.106-553 appropriated $145.7 million, 2% more than the previous year. The FY2002 budget would have suspended new awards pending a program evaluation but provided $13 million for ongoing project commitments. H.R.2500, as initially passed by the House, would have terminated ATP while offering $13 million to cover prior grants. The original Senate-passed version of H.R.2500 increased ATP support to $204.2 million. P.L. 107-11 funds the program at $184.5 million, an increase of 27% over FY2001.

2002-01-14

Small Business Innovation Research Program 스크랩

  • Wendy H. Schacht
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

In 1982, the Small Business Innovation Development Act(P.L. 97-219) established small business innovation research(SBIR) programs within the major federal research and development(R&D) agencies. The intent of the effort was to increase government funding of small, high technology companies for the performance of R&D with commercial potential. Federal departments with an R&D budget of $100 million or more are required to set aside part of this amount to finance the SBIR activity. From its inception in FY1983 through FY2000, almost $11 billion in awards have been made for over 59,500 projects. The original program has been extended several times and is currently scheduled to sunset on September 30, 2008.

2002-01-14