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Research and Development in Industry : 1998 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

This report is the second of two publications containing results from the 1998 Survey of Industrial Research and Development. The first publication, a data brief announcing the availability of survey results, contains analytical information and highlights the increase in industrial research and development(R&D) funded from companies' own resources and the increased sales and employment of R&D-performing scientists and engineers reported by R&D-performing firms. This report contains the full set of statistics produced from the survey including statistics on R&D funding for the years 1988-98 and on R&D personnel for the period January 1989 to January 1999. This report provides national estimates of the expenditures on R&D performed within the United States by industrial firms, whether U.S. - or foreign-owned. Among the statistics are estimates of total R&D, the portion financed by the Federal Government, and the portion financed by the companies themselves or by other non-Federal sources such as state and local governments or other industrial firms under contract or subcontaract. Total R&D is also separated into its character of work components (basic research, applied research, and development) and into the types of costs (wages, materials and supplies, depreciation, and other). Other statistics include R&D financed by a domestic firm but performed outside the United States, R&D contracted to organizations outside of the firm, and the funds spent to perform energy-related R&D. Also this report provides information on R&D-performing firms including domestic net sales, number of employees, number of R&D-performing scientists and engineers, geopraphic location of where the R&D is performed, and R&D funds per R&D-performing scientist and engineer.

2002-01-11

Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The data presented in these tables cover all categories of derict Federal sciecne and engineering (S&E) support to institutions of higher education, including federally funded research and development centers, in the United States for science and engineering (S&E) activities. The 19 agencies listed in these tables provide virtually all of the Federal funding for S&E research and development(R&D) at U.S. universities and colleges. Data are also reported on these agencies' obligations to nonprofit institutions. The FY 1998 data in this report were submitted by 19 Federal agencies, covering the period October 1, 1997, through September 30, 1998. Data reported by the Agency for International Development; the Appalachian Regional Commission; the Departments of Housing and Urban Development, Labor, State, and Transportation; the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; the Office of Justice Programs; and the Social Security Administration were combined because of space constraints to constitute the "other" category in tables that show funding by agency. In 1998, these 9 agencies accounted for less than 1 percent of all Federal S&E academic support. In most tables that list data by agency and individual institution, the "other" column includes data from the Department of the Interior in addition to those 9 agencies. The detailed agency-specific data are available from the National Science Foundation (NSF) upon request. In 1998, the 19 agencies reported obligations to 1081 univeristies and colleges, 37 academic system offices, and 960 independent nonprofit institutions.

2002-01-10

인간 ES세포의 연구 및 사용지침 개요 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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I. 인간 ES세포의 연구지침 ㅇ ES세포의 연구 및 사용은 윤리측면에서 다양한 가능성을 가지고 있기 때문에 관리를 철저히 하기 위해 연구 및 사용기관이 갖추어야 하는 요건을 규정하여, 일정한 규제의 틀을 정비 - 사용기관의 기준 : 설비, 기술적 능력, 자체 윤리심사위원회의 설치 등 - 의료의 발전 등에 이어지는 기술적 연구에 한정 - 개체 출생 등 윤리적으로 문제가 큰 연구의 금지 - 인간의 ES세포의 재분배의 금지 II. 인간 수정배를 제공하는 의료기관에 대한 지침 ㅇ 인간의 수정배의 적정한 취급을 위해, 인간 수정배의 제공에 엄격한 규제의 틀을 정비함과 동시에, 제공 의료기관이 만족해야 할 요건을 규정 - 이용되는 인간 수정배는 생산보조의료의 [잉여배]에 한정 - 수정배 제공에 있어서 적절한 제공자 정보의 관리 - 제공의료기관의 기준 : 인간 수정배의 취급에 관한 실적 및 능력, 윤리심사위원회의 설치, 개인정보보호를 위한 조치 등 - 제공의료기관에 의한 연구 및 사용계획의 확인 III. 연구실시의 절차 ㅇ 연구의 타당성 검토는 작성된 계획을 기초로 1차로 연구기관내에서 심사하며 2차로 국가가 확인(이중심사) - 연구의 진행상황 및 연구의 완료에 관해서 기관 내 윤리심사위원회 및 국가에 보고 ㅇ 연구성과는 원칙적으로 공개 ㅇ 지침 위반자의 공표 ㅇ 3년 이내에 본 지침의 재검토

2002-01-09

Academic Research and Development Expenditure 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The data presented in this report were compiled from the National Science Fuondation's (NSF's) fiscal year (FY) 1998 Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges (academic R&D expenditures survey). They refer to science and engineering expenditures for separately budgeted research and development (R&D). Terms used in institutional accounting procedures are incorporated throughout the tables. The term "separately budgeted R&D expenditures" includes all funds expended for activities specifically organized to produce research outcomes and commissioned by an agency either external to the institution or separately budgeted by an organizational unit within the institution. "Expenditures" are funds actually spent by an institution during its fiscal year. "Separately budgeted R&D equipment purchased from current funds" includes all research equipment purchased under sponsored research project awards. "Federally funded research and development centers"(FFRDCs) are R&D-performing organizations that range from the traditional contractor-woned/ contractor-operated or Government control and ownership. FFRDCs are formed to achieve particular Federal R&D objectives that cannot be met as effectively by existing organizations. The terms "imputation" and "imputed data" refer to the computerized pocess by which NSF develops estimates of data when institutions do not furnish the information upon request. Using this process, estimates are developed that are based primarily on key data items reported in prior years' surveys. When these key data items are not available, estimates are based on figures derived from data respondent institutions that have similar characteristics, including highest degree granted and type of institutional control (public or private). In this publication, the letter "i" is used to identify imputed data and the letter "e" is used when institutional resondents indicated that their data were estimated, or when data required slight mathematical adjustments. Data presented in trend tables are assembled from the most recently completed survey cycle. Since prior years's data are reviewed for consistency with current year resonses and, when necessary, are revised in consultation with institutional respondents, references to prior years' data should be restricted to this document.

2002-01-09

ACTIVITIES IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has a mandate to ensure the vitality of the United States in the scientific and technical enterprise. The goals of the Division of Human Resource Development (HRD), located in the Directorate for Education and Human Resources (EHIR), are directed toward this end by promoting activities to increase the participation of traditionally underrepresented communities in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) education and careers. Within HRD, the Program for Persons with Disabilities (PPD) is committed to bringing about needed change in academic and professional climates, increasing the awareness and recognition of the needs and capabilities of students with disabilities, promoting the accessibility and appropriateness of instructional materials, media, and educational technologies, and increasing the availability of student enrichment resources including mentoring activities. In short, efforts are dedicated to changing the factors wherein neglect, paucity, and indirection historically have stifled the early interest in science and mathematics shown by students with disabilities, and that impeded the advancement of these individuals as they prepare themselves for careers in SMET fields. Organizations eligible to submit proposals to promote these goals include universities and colleges; nonprofit, nonacademic institutions (including museums, professional associations, and community-based organizations); state and local governments (including school districts); and for-profit research institutions and businesses. The Foundation encourages proposals that serve to build or strengthen alliances among eligible organizations. Although the Programs in HRD focus primarily on underrepresented communities, all NSF programs encourage proposals with a similar focus.

2002-01-09

국가 에너지 정책 스크랩

  • 강정민 강정민
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  • 미등재기관
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  • 지구과학(지구/대기/해양/천문)

1. 자료명 :National Energy Policy (국가에너지 정책) 2. 저자 : Dick Cheny (미국 부통령) 3. 출판사 U.S. Government Printing Office 4. 출판날자 : May 2001 5. 목차 : Overview 1. Taking Stock 2. Striking Home 3. Protecting America's Environment 4. Using Energy Wisely 5. Energy for a New Century 6. Nature's Power 7. America's Energy Infrastructure 8. Strengthening Global Alliances 분석자 서문 : 2001년 5월 17일, 부시 미국대통령은 국가에너지정책을 발표하였다. 본 정책의 내용은 캘리포니아의 에너지위기 등을 배경으로 에너지 정책을 최우선 과제로 하여 동년 2월 체니 부통령을 의장으로 하는 에너지정책 태스크포스에 의해 정리된 것이다. 이 정책에는 에너지절약, 에너지 인프라의 강화, 에너지공급의 확대, 환경보전, 에너지안보 강화라는 5가지 목표 하에 100가지가 넘는 다양한 세부 대책이 열거되어 있다. 구체적으로는 이후의 에너지수요 급증에 대응하기 위한 다양한 에너지원의 공급확대, 파이프라인, 송전망, 발전소, 정유공장 등 에너지 인프라의 강화를 중시하고 있다. 그 가운데에서도 공급확대를 위한 알래스카 자연보호구에서의 석유, 천연가스의 채굴을 금지하는 한편, 에너지절약 추진, 원자력, 수력, 태양광, 풍력 등 비화석 에너지의 도입 확대 의지를 분명히 하고 있어, 에너지공급과 환경과의 조화를 지향하고 있음을 밝혔다. 본 정책에서는 에너지안보 및 온실가스 삭감이라는 양면적인 이유에서 원자력의 역할이 매우 중시되고 있는 점이 주목된다. 또한 플루토늄을 추출하는 ‘사용후연료’ 재처리 기술에 대해서도 앞으로는 방사성 폐기물의 최종 처분을 효과적으로 이용할 수 있게 한다는 지침이다. 미국은 지금까지 사용후연료 재처리에 대해 이미 인정한 일본이나 유럽의 일부 국가 이외의 국가에 대해서는 자국의 상업용 재처리를 포함, 부정적인 입장을 고수해 왔다. 이후 미국 내에서는 신 에너지정책을 둘러싸고 의회에서는 물론 여러 차원의 논의가 있을 것으로 예상된다. 미국은 세계 최대의 에너지 소비국이자 에너지 생산국이며 각국의 원자력정책을 포함하여 국제 에너지정책에 미치는 영향이 크므로 미국의 에너지 정책 내용을 상세히 검토함과 동시에 앞으로의 향방을 주시할 필요가 있을 것이다. 아래 내용은 미국의 “국가 에너지정책” 보고서를 요약 정리한 것이다. 이 자료의 분석은 원자력정책센터에 계신 강정민박사님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 박사님께 문의하시기 바랍니다. e-mail : jmkang@princeton.edu 첨부 .Energy Policy of America - Kang jeongmin.pdf 원문은 관련 URL을 참조하시기 바랍니다

2002-01-07

The Integral Role of Two-Year Colleges in the Science and Mathematics Preparation of Prospective Teachers 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The workshop Investing in Tomorrow's Teachers : The Integral Role of the Two-Year College in the Science and Mathematics Preparation of Prospective Teachers was held in Washington, DC on March 12 -14, 1998. Eleven exemplary two-year college progrmas chosen in a national competition were highlighted at the conference. Over 100 individuals participated, including faculty and administrators from two-year colleges already engaged in exemplary activities in teacher preparation; faculty and administrators from science, mathematics, and education departments in two- and four-year colleges who have responsibility for the various components of teacher preparation; representatives from national disciplinary professional societies and organizations specifically devoted to the preparation of teachers; and current preK-12 teachers and pre-service teachers from two-year colleges. Participants considered the role of tow year colleges in the preparation of teachers and then developed a set of recommended actions. It has become increasingly apparent that the resources of the nation's community colleges must be utilized fully if the need for a teaching force well prepared in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) is to be met. Generally, neither two-year colleges, nor the four-year institutions where teachers complete their preparation, nor the schools that hire teachers fully recognize the essential role of two-year colleges in teacher preparation. In many ways, the preparation of teachers is a hidden mission of two-year college to provide active leadership in recruiting the next generation of elementary and secondary school teachers. Two-year colleges, with their orientation towards teaching and their strategic locations, are in a pivotal position to recruit and help prepare the next generation of science and mathematics teachers as well as give students preparing to teach in the elementary grades a strong grounding in science, mathematics, and technology.

2002-01-07

NSF GEOSCIENCES BEYOND 2000 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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이 자료는 보안 문서로 등록이 되어 있습니다. 문서를 열람하시기 원하시는 분은 다음의 사용자 암호를 입력하신 후 사용하시기 바랍니다. 사용자 암호 : www.kosen21.org The document resulting from this close collaboration, NSF Geosciences Beyond 2000, continues the essential geosciences planning process, but it takes a longer-range perspective in recognition of both the 50th Anniversary of NSF and the start of a new millennium. This plan for its first decade is based on several key assumptions. The funding available to the Geosciences Directorate will likely increase over this period, but pressures will continue to select and make awards to the most highly rated efforts. The Directorate will continue to seek partnerships within NSF, with sister agencies, and with the international community to maximize the impact of tis funding. In particular, the Directorate will increase efforts to expand educational opportunities for all levels from kindergarten through graduate school as well as to provide a scientific foundation for the workforce of the 21st Century.

2002-01-07

Federal R&D Funding by Budget Function(Fiscal Years 1999-2001) 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

이 자료는 보안문서로 등록이 되어 있습니다. 문서를 열람하시기 원하시는 분은 다음의 사용자 암호를 입력하신후 사용하시기 바랍니다. 사용자 암호 : www.kosen21.org This report contains information on Federal proposed fiscal year (FY) 2001 budget authority for the research and development (R&D) components of agency programs. The data were submitted by Federal gaencies to the Office of Management and Budget in early 2000. This report includes historical data not affected by current legislation and therefore can be used for tracking funding trends. The report also contains detailed data on Federal R&D authorizations not readily available from other sources. How actions by Congress and the Administration affect the outcome of R&D funding levels will become apparent in 2001-2002.

2002-01-07

중국의 과학기술정책 및 연구개발사업 평가에 있어서 공정성제고 기능과 조선족과학기술자의 활동 및 협력 방안 조사 스크랩

  • 오충수(null / null)
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이 자료는 보안 문서로 등록이 되어 있습니다. 문서를 열람하시기 원하시는 분은 다음의 사용자 암호를 입력하신 후 사용하시기 바랍니다. 사용자 암호 : www.kosen21.org ㅇ "열린평가마당의 활성화를 통한 평가의 투명성 제고와 평가문화의 선진화 방안 연구"와 관련하여 중국의 평가전문기관 및 관련 기관과 협회를 방문하여 현황을 조사하고 관련자료를 수집함. - 이를 위해 중국과학기술정책관리연구소, 과학기술평고센타(NCSTE), 연변조선족자치주과학기술협회, 연변과학기술대학(YUST)을 방문하여, - 중국의 과학기술정책 및 연구개발사업 평가에 있어서 공정성제고 기능과 조선족과학기술자의 활동 및 협력 방안 등에 관련된 인터뷰와 자료조사를

2002-01-07