전체 8345
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- Mass Spectrometry in Structural Virology
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- - Prevelige, Peter.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Structural Biology Interest Group (2010/11/18) - - Category : Structural Biology
- - Prevelige, Peter.
- The SBIG is a clearinghouse for discussions and interactions between scientists interested in all aspects of molecular structure, from experimental determination by x-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and NMR, to theoretical and computational biology and biophysics, and to the biological application of structural data.
For more information, visit
Structural Biology Interest Group
Mass Spectrometry in Structural Virology
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- Hispanic Community Health Study - Study of Latinos
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- - Nabel, Elizabeth G.
National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Health Disparities
- - Nabel, Elizabeth G.
- NIH Health Disparities Seminar Series
The National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD) sponsors the monthly NIH Health Disparities Seminar Series. The forum disseminates information on advances, gaps, and current issues related to health disparities research. It features national and international health disparities research experts including many who are funded by the NCMHD, the other NIH Institutes and Centers, and federal agency partners. The theme for the July seminar series is the social determinants of health.
Hispanics and Latinos represent the largest minority population in the United States, comprising 15 percent of the total population. While Hispanics reported 10 percent fewer cases of heart disease than non-Hispanic whites in 2007, Hispanics have a greater risk of obesity, diabetes, and asthma. To improve understanding of Hispanic and Latino health and advance research about specific Hispanic subgroups, NHLBI (with co-funding from NCMHD, NIDDK, NINDS, NIDCD, NIDCR, and the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements) started the ？？？Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos in 2006. The six and a half year study will provide important public health surveillance information on the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and consequences of chronic diseases among Hispanic/Latino adults. This presentation will give an overview of the study, and highlight progress and the impact it is making in several Hispanic communities.
www.ncmhd.nih.gov
Hispanic Community Health Study - Study of Latinos
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- GovTrip Planners Forum (NIH-Only)
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- - Jennifer Martin, NBS GovTrip Project Lead (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Travel (NIH Only)
- A Planner Forum in preparation for the GovTrip Travel System implementation. The purpose of this forum is for the GovTrip Implementation Team, OFM Travel Policy Office, and TMC Contract Representatives to present an overview of the GovTrip software, discuss how processing travel will change, and address questions related to Omega.
GovTrip Planners Forum (NIH-Only)
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- Improved Peptide Identification Sensitivity using Meta-Search, Grid-Computing and Machine-Learning with Application to Genome Annotation
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- - Edwards, Nathan.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Proteomics
- - Edwards, Nathan.
- Mass spectrometry based proteomics experiments provide direct experimental evidence for the amino-acid sequence of functional proteins and their isoforms, evidence that is not available from other high-throughput experimental techniques. Large scale proteomics datasets often contain strong evidence for novel, unexpected, or poorly annotated proteins and protein isoforms, but this evidence is typically missed by currently available tools for peptide identification from tandem mass spectra. We describe a variety of techniques designed to increase the sensitivity and scope of identified peptides so that this evidence is not lost, but is instead available for evaluation alongside other types of experimental and statistical evidence for genome annotation.
The PepArML meta-search engine demonstrates that multiple tandem mass spectrometry search engines, heterogeneous grid-computing, and unsupervised machine-learning result reconciliation can substantially improve the number of high-confidence peptide identifications from tandem mass spectra datasets. The inclusive peptide sequence database PepSeqDB makes searching EST, mRNA, and other sources of putative peptide sequence fast and easy, and facilitates real-time projection of ad-hoc peptide sequences back to source evidence and annotation tracks in the UCSC genome browser.
The PepArML MS/MS meta-search engine computes peptide identifications using the Mascot, X!Tandem, X!Tandem with KScore scoring plugin, OMSSA, and MyriMatch search engines, automatically reformatting spectral data and constructing search configurations for each search engine from a simple, unified search specification. Searches are automatically scheduled on a heterogeneous mix of local and remote compute nodes, including the Edwards Lab cluster at Georgetown and NSF TeraGrid compute resources at Purdue. Results from target and decoy searches are reconciled using the PepArML machine-learning based result combiner. The grid-search infrastructure scales readily to hundreds of compute nodes, while the machine-learning based result combiner can increase the number of peptide-spectrum assignments at fixed FDR two to three fold.
We will demonstrate that these publicly available tools, applied to in-house and publicly available datasets, can provide significant evidence for novel, unexpected, and poorly annotated proteins and protein isoforms, and provide a cheap, effective way to improve the quality of genome annotations
http://proteome.nih.gov
Improved Peptide Identification Sensitivity using Meta-Search, Grid-Computing and Machine-Learning with Application to Genome Annotation
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- Chromatin Remodeling in Neurodegeneration and Neuronal Repair
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- - Tsai, Li-Huei.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Neuroscience
- - Tsai, Li-Huei.
- Dr. Li-Huei Tsais main research interest is to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying key neurological disorders that compromise cognition. Her research on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) endeavors to illustrate how dysregulation of an essential protein kinase in neurons can lead to Alzheimers-like neurodegeneration. Through studying Cdk5, Dr. Tsai uncovered molecular pathways involving DNA double-stranded breaks, cell cycle re-entry, and beta-amyloid peptides operating in the early stages of neurodegeneration that eventually lead to irreversible neuron death. Dr. Tsai created an inducible mouse model for hyperactivation of Cdk5 that manifests all of the key pathological features of Alzheimers including beta-amyloid and tau pathology, massive neuronal loss and cognitive impairment in a short period of time. Using this mouse model, Dr. Tsai discovered a beneficial role for chromatin remodeling through inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the recovery of learning and memory, even after substantial neuronal loss has occurred. Her work provides insights into the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration associated with cognitive impairment and offers novel targets for therapeutic intervention of memory-related disorders.
Dr. Tsai was born in Taipei, Taiwan. She received her Ph.D. at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. She completed her postdoctoral training at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and Massachusetts General Hospital. She joined the faculty at Harvard Medical School before moving to the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Selected Publications:
Kim D, Frank C, Dobbin M, Tsunemoto R, Wu D, Peng P, Guan J, Lee B-H, Moy L, Gusti P, Broodie N, Mazitschek R, Delalle I, Haggarty S, Neve R, Lu Y, and Tsai L-H. Deregulation of HDAC1 by p25/Cdk5 in neurodegeneration. Neuron, 2008, 60, 803-817.
Kim D, Nguyen MD, Fischer A, Sananbenesi F, Dobbin MM, Rodgers JT, Delalle I, Baur JA, Sui G, Armour SM, Puigsrver P, Sinclair DA, Tsai L-H. SIRT1 deacetylase protects against neurodegeneration in models for Alzheimers disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EMBO J, 2007, 26: 3169-3179.
Fischer A, Sananbenesi F, Wang X, Dobbin M, Tsai, L-H. Recovery of learning and memory is associated with chromatin remodeling. Nature, 2007, 447: 178-182.
Fischer A, Sananbenesi F, Pang PT, Lu B, Tsai L-H. Opposing roles of transient and prolonged expression of p25 in synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory. Neuron, 2005, 48: 825-838.
Cruz JC, Tseng H-C, Goldman JA, Shih H, Tsai L-H. Aberrant Cdk5 activation by p25 triggers pathological events leading to neurodegeneration and neurofibrillary tangles. Neuron, 2003, 40: 471-483
For more information see our website - http://neuroseries.info.nih.gov
Chromatin Remodeling in Neurodegeneration and Neuronal Repair
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- Preparing for Your Interview for Professional School
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- - Sponsored by the NIH Office of Intramural Training & Education (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Career Development/OITE
- Objective: This workshop will highlight critical elements needed for your professional school interview.
Speaker:
Bill Higgins, MD, Pre-Professional Advisor, OITE
Preparing for Your Interview for Professional School
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- National Advisory Child Health and Human Development Council Meeting - September 2009
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- - National Advisory Child Health and Human Development Council (U.S.). Meeting (2010/11/18)
- - Category : National Advisory Child Health and Human Development Council
- The NICHD Advisory Council has two specific functions: (1) to advise the NICHD on policy and procedures affecting the extramural research programs and (2) to provide the second level of review for grant applications requesting Institute funding support. The Council meets for one day three times a year in January, June, and September.
The morning session is Open to the Public and is devoted to bringing Council members up-to-date with a Report of the Director, NICHD, a report by the Council Subcommittee on Planning and Policy, a review of one of the extramural program areas, discussion and review of proposed concepts for NICHD initiatives, the annual review of the Board of Scientific Counselors reports on intramural research programs, and new business items identified by the Council membership and Institute staff. The afternoon session is closed to the Public for the confidential Review of Applications.
For more information, visit http://www.nichd.nih.gov/about/overview/advisory/NACHHD/agenda.cfm.
National Advisory Child Health and Human Development Council Meeting - September 2009
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- NIH State-of-the-Science Conference: Diagnosis and Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)- Day 1
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- - Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Medical Applications of Research (OMAR) (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Conferences
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct. As ？？？in situ？？？ means ？？？in place,？？？ this means the abnormal cells have not spread outside the duct to other tissues in the breast. Also referred to as intraductal carcinoma and stage zero breast cancer, DCIS is the most common noninvasive tumor of the breast.
DCIS is most often discovered during routine mammograms, presenting as very small specks of calcium known as microcalcifications. However, not all microcalcifications indicate the presence of DCIS and the diagnosis must be confirmed by biopsy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has also been used more recently as a diagnostic tool, but questions about the impact of the test on patient outcomes remain. Since the implementation of screening mammography, the rate of new DCIS cases has increased dramatically.
DCIS currently accounts for approximately twenty percent of screening-detected breast cancer, but its true prevalence is challenging to measure because nearly all affected individuals are asymptomatic. By most reports, the risk factors associated with the development of DCIS are similar to those for invasive breast cancer: increased age, family history of breast cancer, previous biopsies, history of hormone replacement therapy, and older age at first childbirth. Tamoxifen, a hormonal drug, has demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of DCIS among high-risk women.
Although the natural course of the disease is not well understood, DCIS can become invasive cancer and spread to other tissues. It is also a marker of increased risk for developing cancer elsewhere in the same or opposite breast. However, not all DCIS will progress to invasive disease, and it is thought that DCIS can be present in some individuals without causing problems over a long period of time. Recent research suggests that DCIS is a spectrum of disease and that certain tumor characteristics may be strong or weak risk factors for subsequent invasive breast cancer. Unfortunately, it is currently not clear which lesion types are more likely to become invasive, leading to difficult treatment decisions for patients and providers.
Because of this uncertainty, DCIS patients are typically treated promptly following diagnosis and have a generally good prognosis. Standard DCIS therapies include breast conservation with or without radiation or mastectomy depending on patient and tumor characteristics. Sentinel lymph node biopsy may also be recommended to high-risk patients, since this is the area where cancer spread is often first detected. Hormone therapy may also be used in effort to prevent DCIS recurrence and to lower the risk of developing estrogen receptor positive breast tumors. However, these drugs？？？ potential side effects must be weighed carefully.
Since the natural course of DCIS is not well understood and treatment benefit may depend on specific tumor and patient characteristics, the treatment of DCIS remains controversial. To examine these important issues, the National Cancer Institute and Office of Medical Applications of Research of the National Institutes of Health will convene a State-of-the-Science Conference from September 22-24, 2009. The conference will address the following key questions:- What are the incidence and prevalence of DCIS and its specific pathologic subtypes, and how are incidence and prevalence influenced by mode of detection, population characteristics, and other risk factors?
- How does the use of MRI or sentinel lymph node biopsy impact important outcomes in patients diagnosed with DCIS?
- How do local control and systemic outcomes vary in DCIS based on tumor and patient characteristics?
- In patients with DCIS, what is the impact of surgery, radiation, and systemic treatment on outcomes?
- What are the most critical research questions for the diagnosis and management of DCIS?
NIH State-of-the-Science Conference: Diagnosis and Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)- Day 1
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- Go GREEN with OHR: Make Earth Day, Everyday! (NIH Only)
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- - Dave Uejio, OHR/NIH and Brian Henderson, Consulting Director at Lexmark International, Inc. (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Human Resources (NIH Only)
- OHR Brown Bag Session
Go GREEN with OHR: Make Earth Day, Everyday! (NIH Only)
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- NIH Hispanic Heritage Month Observance - 2009
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- - Ray Suarez, The News Hour and Dr. Patricia Molina, Louisiana State University (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Hispanic Heritage Observance (NIH Only)
- The NIH continues to celebrate diversity with this year？？？s National Hispanic Theme of Embracing the Fierce Urgency of NOW. The featured speakers will be Ray Suarez, Senior Correspondent for The News Hour with Jim Lehrer and Dr. Patricia Molina, Professor, Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University and Vice Chair for the National Hispanic Science Network (NHSN).
Ray Suarez, Senior Correspondent, The News Hour and Dr. Patricia Molina, Louisiana State University
Sponsored by the NIH Office of Equal Opportunity and Diversity Management (OEODM) along with the NIH Hispanic Employment Committee (HEC)
NIH Hispanic Heritage Month Observance - 2009
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- Secretary Sebelius Meets with HRSA Staff (HHS-Only)
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- - HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius (2010/11/18)
- - Category : HHS Only
- HRSA staff meeting with HHS Secretary Sebelius
For more information, visit
http://intranet.hrsa.gov
Secretary Sebelius Meets with HRSA Staff (HHS-Only)
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- Scientific Management Review Board: Substance Use, Abuse and Addiction Forum
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- - National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Scientific Management Review Board. (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Conferences
- The Scientific Management Review Board was authorized by the NIH Reform Act of 2006 and signed into law by the President in January 2007. The NIH Reform Act provides certain organizational authorities to HHS and NIH officials regarding NIH institutes and centers and the Office of the Director. The purpose of the Scientific Management Review Board is to advise HHS and NIH officials on the use of those organizational authorities.
This Working Group of the SMRB is convened to recommend to the full Board whether organizational change within NIH could further optimize research into substance use, abuse, and addiction and maximize human health and/or patient well being. In addressing this issue, the SUAA Working Group will consider the scientific opportunities, public health needs, and research technologies in substance use, abuse, and addiction, in addition to research in these areas under the existing NIH structure.
For more information, visit http://smrb.od.nih.gov
Scientific Management Review Board: Substance Use, Abuse and Addiction Forum
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- NIH State-of-the-Science Conference: Diagnosis and Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)- Day 2
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- - Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Medical Applications of Research (OMAR) (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Conferences
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct. As ？？？in situ？？？ means ？？？in place,？？？ this means the abnormal cells have not spread outside the duct to other tissues in the breast. Also referred to as intraductal carcinoma and stage zero breast cancer, DCIS is the most common noninvasive tumor of the breast.
DCIS is most often discovered during routine mammograms, presenting as very small specks of calcium known as microcalcifications. However, not all microcalcifications indicate the presence of DCIS and the diagnosis must be confirmed by biopsy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has also been used more recently as a diagnostic tool, but questions about the impact of the test on patient outcomes remain. Since the implementation of screening mammography, the rate of new DCIS cases has increased dramatically.
DCIS currently accounts for approximately twenty percent of screening-detected breast cancer, but its true prevalence is challenging to measure because nearly all affected individuals are asymptomatic. By most reports, the risk factors associated with the development of DCIS are similar to those for invasive breast cancer: increased age, family history of breast cancer, previous biopsies, history of hormone replacement therapy, and older age at first childbirth. Tamoxifen, a hormonal drug, has demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of DCIS among high-risk women.
Although the natural course of the disease is not well understood, DCIS can become invasive cancer and spread to other tissues. It is also a marker of increased risk for developing cancer elsewhere in the same or opposite breast. However, not all DCIS will progress to invasive disease, and it is thought that DCIS can be present in some individuals without causing problems over a long period of time. Recent research suggests that DCIS is a spectrum of disease and that certain tumor characteristics may be strong or weak risk factors for subsequent invasive breast cancer. Unfortunately, it is currently not clear which lesion types are more likely to become invasive, leading to difficult treatment decisions for patients and providers.
Because of this uncertainty, DCIS patients are typically treated promptly following diagnosis and have a generally good prognosis. Standard DCIS therapies include breast conservation with or without radiation or mastectomy depending on patient and tumor characteristics. Sentinel lymph node biopsy may also be recommended to high-risk patients, since this is the area where cancer spread is often first detected. Hormone therapy may also be used in effort to prevent DCIS recurrence and to lower the risk of developing estrogen receptor positive breast tumors. However, these drugs？？？ potential side effects must be weighed carefully.
Since the natural course of DCIS is not well understood and treatment benefit may depend on specific tumor and patient characteristics, the treatment of DCIS remains controversial. To examine these important issues, the National Cancer Institute and Office of Medical Applications of Research of the National Institutes of Health will convene a State-of-the-Science Conference from September 22-24, 2009. The conference will address the following key questions:- What are the incidence and prevalence of DCIS and its specific pathologic subtypes, and how are incidence and prevalence influenced by mode of detection, population characteristics, and other risk factors?
- How does the use of MRI or sentinel lymph node biopsy impact important outcomes in patients diagnosed with DCIS?
- How do local control and systemic outcomes vary in DCIS based on tumor and patient characteristics?
- In patients with DCIS, what is the impact of surgery, radiation, and systemic treatment on outcomes?
- What are the most critical research questions for the diagnosis and management of DCIS?
Videocast viewers will be able to read and comment on the conference panels draft state-of-the-science statement Thursday morning, 9/24, from 8:30 am to 11:30 am Eastern time by visiting
http://www.meetinglink.org/omar-statements/DCIS/PublicComments.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
NIH State-of-the-Science Conference: Diagnosis and Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)- Day 2
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- History, Guidance, and Framework for Ethical Clinical Research - 2009 (Session 1)
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- - Emanuel, Ezekiel J.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Bioethics
- - Emanuel, Ezekiel J.
- Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research
Department of Clinical Bioethics
This course is designed to provide a historical context for research regulations and to help researchers and others working in human subject research gain insights and skills into the development of research protocols and their ethical implementation.
Objectives of the Course:
To learn the codes, declarations, and other documents that govern the ethical conduct of human subject research; review the critical elements of informed consent and their implementation in actual informed consent documents for clinical research; explore controversial issues relating to human subject research, including Phase I research, randomization, children in research, international research, etc; review the purpose if IRBs and provide IRB-like experience in reviewing research protocols; understand the experience of human subjects who have participated in research protocols.
8:30-8:40 ？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？ Pre-test？？？？ ？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？
？？？？？？？？？？？？？？ ？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？Ezekiel Emanuel MD, PhD (Grady backup)
？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？ ？？？？ NIH Clinical Center Dept of Bioethics
？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？ ？？
9:20-9:30？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？ Discussion
Susan E. Lederer Ph.D.
？？？？？？？？ ？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？ Jerry Menikoff MD JD
？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？ Director, Office of Human Research Protections
？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？
11:20-11:30？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？ Discussion
For more information, visit
http://www.bioethics.nih.gov
History, Guidance, and Framework for Ethical Clinical Research - 2009 (Session 1)
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- CC Grand Rounds: Deep Vein Thrombosis: Old Problems, New Options
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- - Lozier, Jay Nelson.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Clinical Center Grand Rounds
- - Lozier, Jay Nelson.
- Clinical Center Grand Rounds
Jay Lozier, MD, PhD
Staff Clinician, Hematology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CC
Richard Chang, MD,
Chief, Endocrine and Venous Services Section, Interventional Radiology Section, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, CC
For more information, visit
http://www.cc.nih.gov/about/news/grcurrent.html
CC Grand Rounds: Deep Vein Thrombosis: Old Problems, New Options
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- Behavioral Economics and Health
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- - Mullainathan, Sendhil.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : BSSR Lecture Series
- - Mullainathan, Sendhil.
- The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) will present a seminar with national experts from the ideas42 research group on behavioral economics and health.
Guest Speakers:
？？？ Sendhil Mullainathan, Professor of Economics, Harvard University
？？？ Eldar Shafir, Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs, Princeton University
？？？ Katherine Baicker, Professor of Health Economics, Harvard University
？？？ William Congdon, Research Director, Brookings Institution
？？？ Gregory Mills, Senior Research Director, Harvard University
？？？ Lisa Gennetian, Senior Research Director, Brookings Institution
Programs that address critical health and social problems have too often been met with limited success. One possible reason for this is that many programs are built on incomplete assumptions about human behavior. ideas42 is a research organization that draws on behavioral economics to infuse health and social policy efforts - from health insurance expansion to poverty alleviation - with a richer model of human behavior. Emerging science in the field of decision-making and cognitive psychology leads to new insights into the sources and nature of human behavior, as well as to new approaches and tools for addressing them. With a more nuanced understanding of why and how people make decisions, policies can improve people？？？s lives not simply by mandating, subsidizing, or penalizing, but also by recognizing and responding to the role of human frailties. For example, programs and policies employing these models can make it easier for people to follow their doctors advice, plan for retirement or search for a better job. We will describe a behavioral economics approach to human behavior with a focus on health. Our strategy combines research (infusion of new ideas, testing, and evaluation) with action (program implementation, service delivery, attention to process and on-the ground details) to design effective solutions to our most pressing health and social problems.
Behavioral Economics and Health
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- Lunch and Learn: Understanding the Spirit of Your Two Year Old
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- - Hazel Osborn, LifeWork Strategies (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Parenting
- NIH Child Care Programs and Services
Parenting a two year old can be challenging yet rewarding. Attend this seminar to discuss the temperament of two year olds and how parents can nurture and foster their children？？？s independence and individuality.
For more information, visit http://does.ors.od.nih.gov/childcare/index.htm
Acrobat Slides
Lunch and Learn: Understanding the Spirit of Your Two Year Old
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- TRACO: siRNA and Small Molecules
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- - Caplen, N.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : TRACO
- - Caplen, N.
- For more information, visit
http://ccr.cancer.gov/careers/traco.asp
TRACO: siRNA and Small Molecules
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- NIH State-of-the-Science Conference: Diagnosis and Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)- Day 3
-
- - Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Medical Applications of Research (OMAR) (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Conferences
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct. As ？？？in situ？？？ means ？？？in place,？？？ this means the abnormal cells have not spread outside the duct to other tissues in the breast. Also referred to as intraductal carcinoma and stage zero breast cancer, DCIS is the most common noninvasive tumor of the breast.
DCIS is most often discovered during routine mammograms, presenting as very small specks of calcium known as microcalcifications. However, not all microcalcifications indicate the presence of DCIS and the diagnosis must be confirmed by biopsy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has also been used more recently as a diagnostic tool, but questions about the impact of the test on patient outcomes remain. Since the implementation of screening mammography, the rate of new DCIS cases has increased dramatically.
DCIS currently accounts for approximately twenty percent of screening-detected breast cancer, but its true prevalence is challenging to measure because nearly all affected individuals are asymptomatic. By most reports, the risk factors associated with the development of DCIS are similar to those for invasive breast cancer: increased age, family history of breast cancer, previous biopsies, history of hormone replacement therapy, and older age at first childbirth. Tamoxifen, a hormonal drug, has demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of DCIS among high-risk women.
Although the natural course of the disease is not well understood, DCIS can become invasive cancer and spread to other tissues. It is also a marker of increased risk for developing cancer elsewhere in the same or opposite breast. However, not all DCIS will progress to invasive disease, and it is thought that DCIS can be present in some individuals without causing problems over a long period of time. Recent research suggests that DCIS is a spectrum of disease and that certain tumor characteristics may be strong or weak risk factors for subsequent invasive breast cancer. Unfortunately, it is currently not clear which lesion types are more likely to become invasive, leading to difficult treatment decisions for patients and providers.
Because of this uncertainty, DCIS patients are typically treated promptly following diagnosis and have a generally good prognosis. Standard DCIS therapies include breast conservation with or without radiation or mastectomy depending on patient and tumor characteristics. Sentinel lymph node biopsy may also be recommended to high-risk patients, since this is the area where cancer spread is often first detected. Hormone therapy may also be used in effort to prevent DCIS recurrence and to lower the risk of developing estrogen receptor positive breast tumors. However, these drugs？？？ potential side effects must be weighed carefully.
Since the natural course of DCIS is not well understood and treatment benefit may depend on specific tumor and patient characteristics, the treatment of DCIS remains controversial. To examine these important issues, the National Cancer Institute and Office of Medical Applications of Research of the National Institutes of Health will convene a State-of-the-Science Conference from September 22-24, 2009. The conference will address the following key questions:- What are the incidence and prevalence of DCIS and its specific pathologic subtypes, and how are incidence and prevalence influenced by mode of detection, population characteristics, and other risk factors?
- How does the use of MRI or sentinel lymph node biopsy impact important outcomes in patients diagnosed with DCIS?
- How do local control and systemic outcomes vary in DCIS based on tumor and patient characteristics?
- In patients with DCIS, what is the impact of surgery, radiation, and systemic treatment on outcomes?
- What are the most critical research questions for the diagnosis and management of DCIS?
NIH State-of-the-Science Conference: Diagnosis and Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)- Day 3
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- Fifth Annual NIH Directors Pioneer Award Symposium (Day 1)
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- - NIH Directors Pioneer Awards Symposium (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Conferences
- The event features a keynote address, ？？？Habits and Habitats of Inventive People？？？ by Arthur Molella, Ph.D., Director, Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution; talks by the 2004 Pioneer Awardees - the first ？？？graduating class;？？？ talks by scientists who received Pioneer Awards in 2008, poster sessions by Pioneer and New Innovator Award recipients, a roundtable discussion, ？？？Innovation: Interplay Between Technology Development and Hypothesis-Driven Research,？？？ and ample opportunities for informal interaction. At the start of the symposium, the 2009 recipients of the NIH Director？？？s Pioneer and New Innovator awards will be announced. Both programs support exceptionally creative scientists who take highly innovative, and often unconventional, approaches to major challenges in biomedical or behavioral research.
The agenda is available at: http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/pioneer/Symposium2009/index.aspx
Fifth Annual NIH Directors Pioneer Award Symposium (Day 1)