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CRS Report for Congress - Tritium Production for the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Program: An Analysis of Key Issues 스크랩

  • Richard Rowberg, Mark Holt, and Carl Behrens and Steve Redhead
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

On December 22, 1998, the Department of Energy(DOE) announced its selection of the Tennessee Valley Authority's(TVA) Watts Bar and Sequoyah nuclear power plants to supply irradiation services to replenish tritium lost due to radioactive decay in the nation's stockpile of nuclear weapons. Seviral key issues remain, however, that are likely to be of concern to the Congress as it reviews DOE's tritium production program during consideration of the FY2000 defense authorization bill, and the FY2000 energy and water development appropriations bill. Questions about the costs of the various options, including the potential for offsetting revenues resulting from medical isotope production and accelerator transmutation of nuclear waste, do not appear to have been completely addressed. In addtion, concerns remain about whether use of a commercial nuclear power plant to produce tritium for weapons purposes constitutes a nuclear proliferation risk. This report addresses these issues. It supplements CRS Issue Brief 97002, The Department of Energy's Tritium Production Program. The report should be useful to Members and staff in considering the DOE tritium production program. The report will be updated as legislative and DOE actions dictate.

2000-06-01

CRS Report for Congress - Research and Development Budget of the Department of Energy for FY2000: Description and Analysis 스크랩

  • Richard E. Rowberg
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

This report provides a detailed overview of the FY2000 DOE budget request for civilian and national security R&D programs. The report presents descriptions of each of the R&D programs and a discussion of the highlights of the FY2000 request and congressional action on that request. The report also includes discussions and analyses of several issues that may come up during those budget deliberations. This report should be useful for staffers following the DOE budget and those who need an overview of DOE's R&D activities.

2000-06-01

CRS Report for Congress - Proliferation Control Regimes: Background and Status 스크랩

  • Robert D. Shuey, Coordinator
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

This report describes the proliferation control regimes for nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and missiles. It also describes the Wassenaar Arrangement for monitoring international transfers of military goods and sensitive dual-use technology. As applicable, each section lists and describes the relevant treaties and international agreements, U.S. laws, the Administration's policies, and issues for congress. Members of the various regimes are listed in an appendix. The report will be updated when significant changes to the regimes are made. For current information on nuclear nonproliferation pollicy and legislation, see Issue Brief 98039, Nuclear Nonproliferation, by Carl Behrens.

2000-06-01

CRS Report for Congress - Civilian Nuclear Spent Fuel Temporary Storage Options 스크랩

  • Mark Holt
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Department of Energy(DOE) is studying a site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, for a permanent underground repository for highly radioactive spent fuel from nuclear reactors, but delays have pushed back the facility's opening date to 2010 at the earliest. In the meantime, spent fuel is accumulating at U.S. nuclear plant sites at the rate of about 2,000 metric tons per year. Major options for managing those growing quantities of nuclear spent fuel include continued storage at reactors, construction of a DOE interim storage site near Yucca Mountain, and licensing of private storage facilities. Arguments for development of a federal interim storage facility include DOE legal obligations, long-term costs, and public controversy over new on-site storage facilities. Opposition to centralized storage centers on the potential risks of a large-scale nuclear waste transportation campaign.

2000-06-01

CRS Report for Congress - Transportation of Spent Nuclear Fuel 스크랩

  • Mark Holt
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The risk of transporting highly radioactive spent fuel from nuclear power plants to a central storage or disposal site is a major facotr in the current nuclear waste dabate. THe House and Senate have passed similar bills that would establish a central lnuclear waste storage site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, which could begin receiving waste shipments within the next few years. This report discusses the adequacy of Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC) standard for shipping casks, the potential consequences of transporation accidents, and possible routes for nuclear waste shipments

2000-06-01

CRS Report for Congress - Nuclear Weapons: Disposal of Surplus Weapons-Usable Plutonium 스크랩

  • Zachary Davis
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The United States and Russia are each dismantling thousands of nuclear weapons. What to do with the plutonium from dismantled nuclear weapons is a major challenge. The Clinton Administration has proposed "burning" some of the plutonium in reactors and burying the rest. Congress has supported these options, but has deferred many decisions pending more clarity on Russia's plutonium disposal plans. This background report will be updated as required.

2000-06-01

Mainstream Research Project handbook 2000/2001 스크랩

  • Health&Safety Executive
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

This handbook gives brief details of current and recently completed project in the mainstream programme(apart from offshore safety for which project descriptions are currently unavailable). the background and objectives for each project are those established at the start of the project. the project are set out in subject areas as follows : Fire and Explosion Engineering Work Environment Occupational Health Behavioural and Social science Risk Assessment Each subject area is subdivided into research subjects. Brief descriptions of each subject are given in pages i - xxi

2000-05-31

Mainstream Research Market 2000/2001 스크랩

  • Health&Safety Executive
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Introduction This Document is intended to increase general awareness of the health and safety executive's(HSE) research activities. HSE's research consist of the mainstream research programme, concerned with safety, hygiene and health risks arising from work activities both on and offshore, and an industry specific programme on nuclear safety(Appendix 1). the mainstream research market is designed to show how research is procured and managed; to set out the present research interests and anticipated research requirements; and to invite research ideas in response to identified broad issues facing HSE. HSE's research activities are only undertaken to support operational and policy needs, and future research requirements can therefore be subject to change to allow resource to be allocated to unplanned high priority reactive work.

2000-05-31

The 2000 Lloyd's Register Lecture : Perception vs Analysis-How to handle Risk 스크랩

  • Malcolm Brinded
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

In 1983 no less a body than the Royal society published a major contribution to the understanding of risk. Risk Assessment- A Study Group Report contained the following finding that put much of what i have to say into perspective. 1. meeting the increased public interest in risk estimate, which are often inherently imprecise, by open presentation and discussion; 2. the need for relevant institutions to seek information on the public's perception of risks and take due account of public reactions; 3. the need for better estimates of actual risk based on direct observation of what happens in society; 4. the need for the individual to manage those hazards he is responsible for, and to judge decisions made on his behalf 5. the need for regulatory techniques which involve quantiative guidlines, the open weighing of costs and benefits, and a clear commitment to the steady reduction of risks and detriments to the maximum extent that is reasonably practicable

2000-05-30

The Energy Report 1999 스크랩

  • The Department of Trade and Industry
  • |

Contents Part 1 : themes 1. Main Event of 1998/1999 - 각 에너지분야의 주요 이벤트 2. Energy Policy and Related Initiatives Annex to Chapter 3: Key Energy Sector Indicator 3. Environmental and International issues 4. Energy demand and Energy Efficiency Annex to chapter5 : Trends in Energy Intensity Different Sector 5. Fuel Poverty part2 : The Energy Industries 1. Gas supply 2. Electricity 3. Nuclear 4. New and Renewable Source of Energy 5. Coal 6. Oil and Gas Production 7. Downstream Oil *Papers by the energy advisory panel Appendices 1. The Energy Industries in the Economy 2. Production and Supply of Energy in the United Kingdom 3. Energy Demand 4. Energy Price 5. Energy related Atmospheric Emissions 6. Publications 7. Glossary of Terms **included charts**

2000-05-30