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Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD's Space-Based InfraRed System (SBIRS) 스크랩

  • Marcia S. Smith
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Department of Defense is developing the Space-Based InfraRed System (SBIRS) to replace existing early warning satellites that alert U.S. military commanders to foreign missile launches, and to provide new capabilities to support missile defense objectives. SBIRS consists of two separate, but related, programs. SBIRS-High and SBIRS-Low. SBIRS-High, managed by the Air Force, would replace existing Defense Support Program early warning satellites. SBIRS-Low, managed by the Missile Defense Agency, would perform mid-course missile tracking, target discrimination, and other tasks associated with missile defense. Bothe systems have encountered technical challenges, affecting cost and schedule, and hence are controversial. Congress reduced funding for both programs in FY2002. DOD requested a significant increase for SBIRS-High in its FY2003 budget; plans for SBIRS-Low have not been released yet.

2002-07-25

Background and Legal Issues Related to Stem Cell Research 스크랩

  • Diane T. Duffy
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Federal research is limited to 64 existing stem cell lines that were derived (1) with the informed consent of the donors; (2) from excess embryos created solely for reproductive purposes; and (3) without any financial inducements to the donors. No federal funds will be used for the derivation or use of stem cell lines derived from newly destroyed embryos; the creation of any human embryos for research purposes; or cloning of human embryos for any purposes. Several lawsuits have been filed relating to stem cell research, and questions have been raised concerning access to existing stem cell lines by federal researchers.

2002-07-25

Crusader XM2001 Self-Propelled Howitzer: Background and Issues for Congress 스크랩

  • Edward F. Bruner and Steve Bowman
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Army has been seeking to enhance its self-propelled 155mm artillery capabilities since the late 1970's. In addition to several programs to modify the M109 artillery system, culminating in the current M109A6 Paladin, since 1987 these efforts have focused on what is now called the XM2001 Crusader. Initially begun in order to match the mobility and firepower of Soviet artillery, the Crusader program is now the center of a controversy over whether it is an appropriate investment given the Army's on-going transformation to a lighter, more mobile force. Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld has announced his intent to terminate the program, however the Crusader's supporters in the House and Senate Armed Services Committees are seeking legislative provisions to maintain the program until at least May 2003 while an assessment of alternatives is conducted.

2002-07-25

Navy Ship Procurement Rate and the Planned Size of the Navy: Background and Issues for Congress 스크랩

  • Ronald O'Rourke
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Administration is proposing to procure five new Navy ships in FY2003 and a total of 34 new Navy ships, or an average of 6.8 new ships per year, during FY2003-FY2007. An average of 8.9 new Navy ships per year - the steady-state replacement rate - would be needed over the long run to support the Administration's planned 310-ship fleet over the long run.

2002-07-25

Digital Television: An Overview 스크랩

  • Lennard G. Kruger
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

No major legislation has yet been introduced into the 107th Congress directly related to digital television. However, congressional committees are keenly monitoring the pace and progress of the digital transition. A number of options for congressional action have been proposed. These include: mandating digital tuners; mandating dual carriage of digital and analog programming; accelerating the vacating of analog television spectrum; legislating a process whereby interoperability standards and copyright protection technologies will be implemented; and extending, strengthening, and/or altering the transition deadlines. While stakeholders are working to resolve some of these issues, pressure is building on Congress to act as the DTV transition deadlines become closer.

2002-07-25

Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs 스크랩

  • Lennard G. Kruger
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Legislation introduced in the 106th Congress sought to provide federal financial assistance for broadband deployment in the form of grants, loans, subsidies, and tax credits. Similar legislation has been introduced into the 107th Congress. In assessing this legislation, several policy issues arise. For example, is the current status of broadband deployment data an adequate basis on which to base assistance premature, or do the risks of delaying assistance to underserved areas outweigh the benefits of avoiding federal intervention in the marketplace? And finally, if one assumes that governmental action is necessary to spur broadband deployment in underserved areas, which specific approaches, either separately or in combination, are likely to be most effective.

2002-07-25

Navy CVNX Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress 스크랩

  • Ronald O'Rourke
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Bush Administration's proposed FY2002 defense budget requests $243.7 million in advance procurement funding for CVNX-1, an aircraft carrier that the Navy plans to procure in FY2007 and commission in 2014. Some supporters of CVNX-1 in Congress want to restore the ship's original 2013 commissioning date and are proposing to add $229 million to the FY2003 budget request to support this goal.

2002-07-25

Navy Trident Submarine Conversion (SSGN) Program: Background and Issues for Congress 스크랩

  • Ronald O'Rourke
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Administration's proposed FY2003 defense budget requests $1,018 million for the Navy's program to refuel and convert four Trident ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) into cruise-missile-carrying and special operations forces support submarines (SSGNs). The Administration's proposal follows congressional action last year on the FY2002 defense budget to expand the Administration's originally proposed two-boat Trident conversion program into a four-boar program.

2002-07-25