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Joint Strike Fighter (JSF): Potential National Security Questions Pertaining to a Single Production Line 스크랩

  • Christopher Bolkcom and Daniel Else
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program is intended to develop and build a family of new-generation tactical combat aircraft for the U.S. Air Force, the marine Corps, the Navy, and Britain's Royal Navy. As now projected, the JSF will become the U.S. Defense Department's largest ever acquisition program in terms of future cost and number of aircraft to be produced. A controversial aspect of the program has been the winner-take-all approach that DOD used to award the development and demonstration contract. On October 26, 2001, it was announced that a team led by Lockheed martin (and composed of Northrop Grumman, and BAE Systems) had beaten a team led by Boeing, winning the exclusive rights to enter the JSF program's system development and demonstration phase, and to build all 2,912 JSF aircraft. Some observers contend that this approach to JSF production could have negative implications for the defense industrial base and U.S. national security.

2002-05-02

Possible Impacts of Major Counter Terrorism Security Actions on Research, Development, and Higher Education 스크랩

  • Genevieve J. Knezo
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Congress, the executive branch, and scientific and technical communities have adopted and are considering research and development and education- related security measures to counteract terrorism. There is widespread agreement on the need for these measures, but some experts say that they could have unintended consequences. Some of these actions are included in the PATRIOT/USA Act (P.L. 107-56, in addition the Office of Homeland Security, federal agencies, and the scientific and technical community have proposed or taken other actions. Activities relating to higher education (in H.R. 3525, S. 1749, and other bills) include controlling the visa entry and educational programs of foreign students and tracking their movement through the higher education system.

2002-05-02

Military Technology and Conventional Weapons Export Controls: The Wassenaar Arrangement 스크랩

  • Richard F. Grimmett
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

This report provides background on the Wassenaar Arrangement, which was formally established in July 1996 as a multilateral arrangement aimed at controlling exports of conventional wepons and related dual-use goods and military technology. It is the successor to the expired Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls(COCOM). This report focuses on the current status, features, and issues raised by the establishment and functioning of the Wassenaar Arrangement. It will be updated only if warranted by notable events related to the Arrangement.

2002-05-02

Cooperative R&D: Federal Efforts to promote Industrial Competitiveness 스크랩

  • Wendy H. Schacht
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. To increase the competitiveness of American industry and to encourage the generation of new products, processes, and services, the government has supported various efforts to promote cooperative research and development activities among industry, universities, and the federal R&D establishment. The issues before Congress are whether joint ventures contribute to industrial competitiveness and what role, if any, the government has in facilitating such arrangements.

2002-05-02

Technology Transfer: Use of Federally Funded Research and Development 스크랩

  • Wendy Schacht
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Congress has established a system to facilitate the transfer of technology to the private sector and to state and local governments. Despite this, use of federal R&D results has remained meager although there has been an increase in private sector interest and activities. Critics argue that working with the agencies and laboratories continues to be difficult and time-consuming. Proponents assert that while the laboratories are open to interested parties, industry is making little effort to use them. The Administration has made expanded use of federal laboratories and industry- government cooperation integral parts of its technology policy. At issue is whether additional legislation is necessary to encourage increased technology transfer or if the responsibility now rests with the private sector to use the available re sources.

2002-05-02

U.S. Space Programs: Civilian, Military, and Commercial 스크랩

  • Marcia S. Smith
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The 107th Congress is addressing a broad range of civilian, military, and commercial space issues. International cooperation and competition in space are being affected by the world economic situation and the post-Cold War political climate. President Clinton's 1993 decision to merge NASA's space station program with Russia's is symbolic of the dramatic changes, and the risks.

2002-05-02

Space Stations 스크랩

  • Marcia S. Smith
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Congress continues to debate NASA's plan to build a permanently occupied space station. Controversial since its inception in 1984, the space station, called Freedom for many years, was redesigned several times. Since 1993, it has been called International Space Station Alpha, but the Alpha part has been dropped and it is now the International Space Station. Questions about the program include why a space station is needed, why it is needed now, what scientific research can be conducted there, how many jobs are involved, the credibility of NASA's current program plan, and the degree to which it is dependent on Russian participation.

2002-05-02

Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy 스크랩

  • Wendy H. Schacht
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Clinton-Gore Administration articulated a national technology policy during its first term and continues to follow its guidance. This policy includes both direct and indirect governmental support for private sector activities in research, development, and commercialization of technology. Many of the ideas reflect past congressional initiatives. As the 107th Congress develops its budget priorities, how the government encourages technological progress in the private sector again may be explored and/or redefined.

2002-05-02

다 기능형 고분자 복합재료 스크랩

  • UCLA, 기계 항공과 교수
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  • 재료

이 자료는 보안 문서로 등록이 되어 있습니다. 문서를 열람하시기 원하시는 분은 다음의 사용자 암호를 입력하신 후 사용하시기 바랍니다. 사용자 암호 : www.kosen21.org 복합재료를 더 개량하기 위해서는 나노 크기의 보강재를 쓰는 것이 마이크론 크기의 보강재를 쓰는 것보다 낫다. 그 이유는 보강재의 크기가 적음으로써 응력집중에 따른 부정적 효과가 적고, 보강재와 모재간에 유익한 반응이 일어날 확률이 크기 때문이다. 물론 개량효과는 보강재가 입자, 섬유, 층 등 어느 모양을 갖느냐에 따라서 달라진다. 나노 보강재는 현재 여러 종류가 있으며 나노기술이 발전함에 따라, 계속 새로운 제품이 시장에 나오고 있다. 나노입자는 복합재료의 기계성질을 개량시킬뿐 아니라 다른 기능까지 부여할 수 있으며, 여러 종류의 기능물질들을 쉽게 나노입자형으로 만들 수 있는 것이 장점이기도 하다. 현재 나노탄소섬유를 길게 만들 수 없으므로 짧은 나노탄소섬유를 보강재로 쓰기위한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 실리케이트 클레이 나노층은 이제 저가의 보강재로 벌써 상용 프라스틱에 많이 쓰이고있다. 나노복합재료는 앞으로 다 기능형 경구조물을 개발하는데 꼭 필요하다. 하지만 이재료는 아직도 개발초창기에 있어, 제조방법이나 성능이 아직도 잘 알려 지지 않고 있다. 이 보고서에는 나노복합재료의 현 상태, 다 기능형 재료로서의 가능성, 그리고 이 재료를 충분히 이용하기 위해서 필요한 앞으로의 연구방향이 요약되어 있다.

2002-05-02

Missile Defense: The Current Debate 스크랩

  • Coordinated by Steven A.Hildreth and amy F.Woolf
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The United States has pursued missile defense since the dawn of the missile age shortly after War WarⅡ. The development and deployment of missile defense has not only been elusive, but has proven to be one of the most divisive issues of the past generation. The Bush Administration has substantially altered the debate over missile defenses. The Administration requested significant funding increase for missile defense programs (about 61 percent above that approved by Congress for FY2001), eliminated the distinction between national and theater missile defense, restructured the missile defense program to focus more directly on developing deployment options fro a “layered” capability to intercept missile aimed at U.S. territory across the whole spectrum of their flight path, adopted a new, untried development and acquisition strategy, and announced U.S. withdrawal from 1972 Anti-ballistic Missile Trealy The Administration argued these steps wear necessary in response to growing concerns over the spread of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, especially on the part of a handful of potentially hostile states and terrorists. In addition, they asserted that U.S. deterrence theory has outlived its usefulness, and that it could not be relied upon to dissnade unstable leaders in roguc states. Critics take issue with assertions that the threat is increasing, citing evidence that the number of nations seeking or possessing nuclear weapons has actually declined over the past twenty years. Moreover, they argue that the technology for effective missile defense remains immature, that deployment is provocative to allies, friends, and adversaries, and it is a budget-buster that reduces the availability of funds to major powers will view U.S. missile defense as an attempt at strategic domination and that some, such as China, will expand its missile capabilities in response. The Bush Administration’s plans raise a number of issues, many of which are examined in this report. The issues that have received attention in the 107th Congress, are: 1) U.S. compliance with the ABM Treaty and now the announced withdrawal from the Treaty; 2) a new acquisition concept for developing missile defense that does not lend itself readily to oversight, system definition, or cost and effectiveness analysis; and, 3) the restructuring of existing missile defense programs within the Missile Defense Agency (formerly BMDO). This report replace CRS Issues Briefs: National Missile Defense: Issues for Congress (CRS Issues Brief IB10034), and Theater Missile Defense: Issues for Congress (CRS Issues Brief IB98028). The report will be updated as needed.

2002-05-02