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Information Technology and Elementary and Secondary Education:Current Status and Federal Support 스크랩

  • Patricia Osorio-O'Dea
  • |
  • 전기/전자

Interest in the application of information technology to education has risen among federal policymakers, sparked partly by concern over poor performance of U.S.elementary and secondary school students and a growing perception that technology might improve that performance. Since the 1980s, schools have acquired technology at a fast pace. Today the ration of students-to-computers is 6-to-1. Despite these gains, schools have a sizeable stock of old, outdated technology. Further, students have substatially different degrees of access to technology. Perhaps of greater concern is that, even when students have access to the technology, relatively little use is made of it in schools.

2001-02-16

Advanced Technology Program : Proposal Preparation Kit 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
  • |
  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Contents 1. Questions & Answers about the ATP A. General Information B. Elighbility C. Funding and Cost Sharing D. Selection Criteria and Selection Process E. Patent Information F. Human and Animal Subjects 2. Guidelines for preparing ATP Proposals A. Proposal Format B. Proposal Forms and Other Documents C. Executive Summary D. Project Narrative E. Budget Narrative (Budget DATA)

2001-02-16

Cooperative R&D: Federal Efforts to Promote Industrial Competitiveness 스크랩

  • Wendy H. Schacht
  • |
  • 기계

In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. The government has upported various efforts to promote cooperative research and development activities among industry, universities, and the federal R&D establishment designed to increase the competitiveness of American industry and to encourage the generation of new products, processes, and services. Among the issues before Congress are whether joint ventures contribute to industrial competitiveness and what role, if any, the governement has in facilitating such arrangements.

2001-02-16

Magnetic Fusion:The DOE Fusion Energy Sciences Program 스크랩

  • Richard E. Rowberg
  • |

For more than 40 years, the U.S. has been trying to harness the energy source of the hydrogen bomb to produce electricity. Controlling fusion, the nuclear reaction that powers the sun, requires confining and heating deuterium and tritium nuclei to the point where they will collide producing nuclear energy in a sustained, regulated way. One path to this goal, called magnetic fusion energy, is to use very strong magnetic fields to confine a deuterium and tritium plasma while heating it to fusion temperatures.

2001-02-16

Cyberwarfare 스크랩

  • Steven A. Hildreth
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

This report examines broad cyberwarfare issues and raises underlying questions. It summarizes some cases that illustrate real-world concerns many have with respect to cyberwarfare. It discusses the current U.S. policy and organizational approaches to cyberwarfare. It examines foreign perspectives, the issue of cyberterrorism, and some reported instances of cyberwarfare. An appendix on terms and definitions is included. The focus is on cyberwarfare activities sponsored by nation-states, but includes cyberterrorism that is aimed at achieving political objectives at the national level.

2001-02-16

U.S. Space Programs: Civilian, Military, and Commercial 스크랩

  • Marcia S. Smith
  • |

The 107th Congress is expected to address a broad range of civilian, military, and commercial space issues. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) conducts the most visible space activities. NASA's International Space Station(ISS) program is the most controversial because it is over budget, behind schedule, and relies on Russia for some hardware and services. Nvertherless, it has survived 22 termination attempts in NASA funding bills since 1991.

2001-02-16

Restructuring DOE and Its Laboratories:Issues in the 106th Congress 스크랩

  • William C. Boesman
  • |

A number of legislative proposals to restructure or eliminate the Department of Energy and the DOE laboratories have been introduced since the end of the Cold War. Issues for congressional consideration include whether the rationale for the establishment of DOE continues to exist and whether DOE and its laboratory management structure should be restructured to improve the security of highly classified R&D conducted in its nuclear weapons laboratories. In the event that Congress determines that current national security, energy supply, and related circumstances warrant the restructuring of DOE, issues would remain as to the appropriate disposition of DOE’s missions, programs, and laboratories.

2001-02-16

China's Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles:Current Policy Issues 스크랩

  • Shirley A. Kan
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Congress has long been concerned about challenges to U.S. security posed by the People's Republic of China(PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruciton(WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. Recipients of China's technology include Pakistan, Iran, North Korea, Libya, and Syria. Policy issues pertain to the nature and current status of this threat and effective U.S.responses(e.g., sanctions, satellite exports).

2001-02-16

The Department of Energy's Tritium Production Program 스크랩

  • Richard E. Rowberg
  • |

The United State Department of Energy has contracted with the Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA0 to produce tritium for the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile at the TVA Watts Bar and Sequoyah nuclear power plants. Tritium is a critical component of thermonuclear weapons and needs to be replenished because it is a radioactive substance with a short(12.3 years)half-life. The nation currently has no tritium production facilities capable of meeting the demands of the stockpile. This report, which replaces CRS Issue Brief 97002, provides a background discussion about tritium, describes the process that led up to the DOE dicisioin, relates congressional appropriations and authorization actions during the 106th Congress, and analyzes the important issues that were debated during the decision-making process. These issues are not completely resolved and may continue into the 107th Congress as actual production approaches. The report should be useful for those Members and staff that need to review the tritium issue and that will continue to follow it during future congressional deliberations of the DOE budget request. The report will be updated as appropriate.

2001-02-16

Patent Ownership and Federal Research and Development(R&D):A Discussion on the Bayh-Dole Act and the Stevenson-Wydler Act 스크랩

  • Wendy H. Schacht
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  • 기계

P.L. 96-418, the Stevenson-Wydler Technology innovation Act, and P.L. 96-517, commonly referred to as the “Bayh-Dole” Act, govern the dispensation of patents associated with federal research and development activities.This report provides an overview of both laws and attempts to identify the differences and similarities inherent in the provisions of each legislative initiative. The information is intended to provide a better understanding of the framework within which decisions are made concerning patent ownership and licensing given the context of on-going congressional interest in this area.

2001-02-16