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The Department of Energy's Tritium Production Program 스크랩

  • Richard E. Rowberg
  • |

The United State Department of Energy has contracted with the Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA0 to produce tritium for the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile at the TVA Watts Bar and Sequoyah nuclear power plants. Tritium is a critical component of thermonuclear weapons and needs to be replenished because it is a radioactive substance with a short(12.3 years)half-life. The nation currently has no tritium production facilities capable of meeting the demands of the stockpile. This report, which replaces CRS Issue Brief 97002, provides a background discussion about tritium, describes the process that led up to the DOE dicisioin, relates congressional appropriations and authorization actions during the 106th Congress, and analyzes the important issues that were debated during the decision-making process. These issues are not completely resolved and may continue into the 107th Congress as actual production approaches. The report should be useful for those Members and staff that need to review the tritium issue and that will continue to follow it during future congressional deliberations of the DOE budget request. The report will be updated as appropriate.

2001-02-16

Patent Ownership and Federal Research and Development(R&D):A Discussion on the Bayh-Dole Act and the Stevenson-Wydler Act 스크랩

  • Wendy H. Schacht
  • |
  • 기계

P.L. 96-418, the Stevenson-Wydler Technology innovation Act, and P.L. 96-517, commonly referred to as the “Bayh-Dole” Act, govern the dispensation of patents associated with federal research and development activities.This report provides an overview of both laws and attempts to identify the differences and similarities inherent in the provisions of each legislative initiative. The information is intended to provide a better understanding of the framework within which decisions are made concerning patent ownership and licensing given the context of on-going congressional interest in this area.

2001-02-16

National Missile Defense : Issues for Congress 스크랩

  • Steven A. Hildreth
  • |
  • 기계

Many in Congress and outside the government have shown a growing interest in recent years in deploying a ballistic missile defense to protect the United States from attack. The 1972 ABM Treaty prohibits nationwide defense but permits the United States to deploy up to 100 interceptors for long-range ballistic missiles at a single site. Many supporters of the National Missile Defense (NMD) argue that the United States must amend or abrogate this treaty so that it can pursue a more robust defense.

2001-02-16

National Security Implications of Airborne Early Warning(AEW) Aircraft 스크랩

  • Christopher Bolkcom
  • |
  • 기계

Airborne early warning (AEW) aircraft significantly improve the effectiveness of modern defensive and offensive air operations. Presently only a few countries manufacture such aircraft. The demand for AEW aircraft, is growing however, as their utility is recognized. AEW aircraft have been sought by China and India, each a party in regional rivalries. Congress is likely to review the U.S. national security interests and policies raised by these cases.

2001-02-16

Technology Challenge Programs in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 스크랩

  • Patricia Osorio-O'Dea
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, federal policymakers have been interested in the use of technology in education. This interest comes partly out of concern over poor student performance, and the idea that educational technology can improve that performance. Many policymakers feel U.S. students should receive training in school that will enable tehm to work in an incerasingly technological environment. The federal government provides upport to technology in education through several different programs.

2001-02-16

Research and Development Funding:Fiscal Year 2001 스크랩

  • Michael E. Davey
  • |
  • 과학기술과 인문사회

The Administration has requested $85.333 billion for federal R&D spending in FY2001, a 3% increase over the estimated $82.744 billion for FY 2000. The Administration and Congress have reached a budget agreement that includes record increase for R&D. CRS extimates that total Fderal R&D spendiing is likely to exceed $91 billion, an estimated $8.6 billion increase, the largest dollar increase in history.

2001-02-16

Navy Network-Centric Warfare Concept: Key Programs and Issues for Congress 스크랩

  • Ronald O'Rourke
  • |
  • 전기/전자

Network-centric warfare(NCW) is the Navy's Central concept for organizing its efforts to trasform itself for military operations in the 21st Century. NCW focuses on using information technology(IT) to link togegher Navy ships, aricraft, and shore installations into highly integrated networks. It could significantly improve U.S. naval capabilities and lead to substantial changes in naval tactics, doctrine, and organization Key programs for implementing NCW include the Cooperative Engagement Capability(CEC), the IT-21 program, and the Navy-Marine Corps Intranet(NMCI). Congress has closely followed and expressed concern for some of these programs. The Navy is working to resolve problems with the CEC system that were discovered in testing. The Navy recently awarded a multivillion-dollar NMCI contract and has begun to create the NMCI network. This report may be updated if developments warrant.

2001-02-16

North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program 스크랩

  • Larry A. Niksch
  • |

There are numerous potential legislative initiatives available to Congress to affect the Agreed Framework. A certain role for Congress will involve Administration requests for appropriations to help finance the costs of the various benefits to North Korea. Moreover, Congress under law will have to review a prospective U.S.-North Korea nuclear agreement, which the Administration will have to negotiate before light water reactors with U.S. technology can be sent to North Korea.

2001-02-16