전체 8345
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- Tenofovir Gel: New Hope for HIV Prevention in Women
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- - Dr. Quarraisha Abdool Karim, University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa (2012/04/25)
- - Category : Wednesday Afternoon Lectures
- Young women bear the brunt of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Women acquire HIV acquisition about 5-7 years earlier than men and young women in the 15-19 year age group have 3-6 fold higher rates of HIV infection compared to males in the same age group. The current HIV prevention options namely abstinence, behaviour change, male and female condoms, HIV testing and medical male circumcision are not feasible options for these young women and underscore the importance of female initiated prevention options. For the past two decades there has been substantial effort in finding a microbicide. In July 2010, the CAPRISA 004 trial demonstrated for the first time that 1% tenofovir gel was efficacious in preventing HIV and HSV-2 infection, 39% and 51% respectively. Sub-group analysis of the CAPRISA 004 data has identified several key lessons for enhancing the efficacy of tenofovir gel and informing the conduct of future PrEP and microbicide trials. These include adherence, drug levels and genital inflammation.
The NIH Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series includes weekly scientific talks by some of the top researchers in the biomedical sciences worldwide.
For more information, visit:
The NIH Directors Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series
Tenofovir Gel: New Hope for HIV Prevention in Women
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- Stress and the Synapse
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- - Jaideep Bains, PhD, University of Calgary, Canada (2012/04/25)
- - Category : Neuroscience
- Neuroscience Seminar Series
The goal of the Bains lab is to understand how physiological and behavioural challenges lead to long-term changes in neural circuitry. They focus on neurons that coordinate an organisms response to stress, with a particular interest in clarifying how the molecules released at the onset of a stressful stimulus leave a lasting imprint on how ？？？stress-relevant ciruitry functions. Within this context, they conduct experiments that will allow them to understand the fundamental rules that govern cell to cell communication within the hypothalamus and elucidate the molecular machinery that contributes to changes in synaptic function which, in turn, may be critical for changing network output.
They currently explore three lines of investigation:
？？？ They have demonstrated that glial cells can permanently increase the strength of excitatory, glutamatergic synapses in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. They are now focused on elucidating the extent of this novel interaction between glial cells and neurons and will examine the role of this interaction during physiological challenges.
？？？ Based on new observations that homeostatic set points in vivo are defended by metaplastic synaptic changes, they are now exploring additional mechanisms through which the activity-dependent release of retrograde signals impacts synaptic transmission.
？？？ The inhibitory synapses onto neuroendocrine parvocellular neurons, the command neurons of the stress axis, exhibit remarkable state-dependent plasticity. They have shown that the onset of stress is accompanied by a loss of GABA inhibition due to a collapse of transmembrane chloride gradients. They are now pursuing the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underline this remarkable switch. Furthermore, we are exploring the impact of repetitive stress on synaptic function/plasticity in this system.
They use a number of experimental techiques to answer the above questions. These include, but are not limited to: patch clamp recordings from neurons in brain slices for the measurement of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents; UV laser uncaging of bioactive molecules; immunohistochemistry for the labeling of receptors and neuronal subpopulations.
For more information go to http://neuroseries.info.nih.gov
Stress and the Synapse
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- Multiple Myeloma and its Precursor Disease: the Future is Already Here
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- - Ola Landgren, M.D., Ph.D. (2012/04/24)
- - Category : NIH Directors Seminars
- NIH Directors Seminar Series
Dr. Landgren received his M.D. in 1995 from the Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). Following clinical training as a hematology/internal medicine specialist physician and receipt of a Ph.D. focusing on diagnostics and prognostics in Hodgkin lymphoma (2002) at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, he worked as an attending physician and conducted clinical research on lymphoproliferative malignancies and related precursors. In 2004, he came to the National Cancer Institute, Genetic Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, where he worked as an Investigator before he joined the Medicial Oncology Branch.
Dr. Landgrens major research interests are in the treatment, causation, diagnostics and prognostics, and natural history of multiple myeloma and its precursor condition, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). He also studies related hematologic malignancies and their precursors states (including chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL); Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia and IgM MGUS), as well as myeloproliferative neoplasms. His research focuses on treatment-, host-, disease-, and immune-related factors in the pathway from precursor to full-blown malignancy, and their relation to outcome.
For more information, visit: http://www.nih.gov/about/director/dirsem.htm
Multiple Myeloma and its Precursor Disease: the Future is Already Here
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- Slips Trips and Falls (NIH Only)
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- - Jacquilin Glass and Dr. Elias Abdus-Salam (2012/04/22)
- - Category : Occupational Health & Safety Lectures (NIH Only)
- The NIH is proud to present the next installment in our Seminar Series focused on Employee Workplace Health and Safety.
Join us with Ms. Jacqulin Glass and Dr. Elias Abdu-Salaam to learn how to avoid ？？？Slips, Trips and Falls.？？？
The seminar series is sponsored by the Office of Research Services, Division of Occupational Health and Safety (DOHS), in partnership with the Division of Amenities and Transportation Services Wellness Program.
Slips Trips and Falls (NIH Only)
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- DDM Seminar Series: Can We Talk? How Gender and Culture Affect Who Gets Heard, Who Gets Ahead, and What Gets Done at Work (NIH Only)
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- - Dr. Deborah Tannen (2012/04/21)
- - Category : DDM Seminar Series (NIH Only)
- On behalf of Colleen Barros, Deputy Director for Management (DDM), the NIH Training Center is pleased to announce the second seminar of the 2011 - 2012 DDM Seminar Series featuring Dr. Deborah Tannen. She will address the NIH community in a presentation about gender, culture and communication in the workplace entitled Can We Talk? How Gender and Culture Affect Who Gets Heard, Who Gets Ahead, and What Gets Done at Work.
Deborah Tannen is best known as the author of You Just Dont Understand: Women and Men in Conversation, which was on The New York Times best seller list for nearly four years. This is the book that brought gender differences in communication style to the forefront of public awareness. Her book Talking from 9 to 5: Women and Men at Work expanded on this topic to include communication in the workplace, and was a New York Times Business best seller. Dr. Tannens presentation will focus on gender-related ways of speaking, while including cultural influences as well. By tracing the gendered patterns to childrens use of language at play, and presenting video clips of authentic interaction to illustrate both childrens play and adults use of language in the workplace, the lecture will show that a range of ways of speaking can work well when theyre shared but can result in mis-evaluation when theyre not.
The presentation will explore how understanding the parameters of conversational style provides options to improve communication and performance: If you are not happy with the reaction you are getting, you can try changing the way you use language, or talk about the role of language in helping others to understand how you mean what you say. Moreover, understanding the parameters of conversational style is necessary for supervisors to accurately assess those they evaluate.
For more information go to http://www.ddmseries.od.nih.gov/
DDM Seminar Series: Can We Talk? How Gender and Culture Affect Who Gets Heard, Who Gets Ahead, and What Gets Done at Work (NIH Only)
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- The Decline Effects and Other Reasons Why We Need an Open Repository for All Scientific Investigations
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- - Jonathan Schooler (2012/04/20)
- - Category : BSSR Lecture Series
- BSSR Lecture Series
Why do many published scientific effects appear to diminish with time? This so called ？？？decline effect？？？ has been observed both in individual labs (including my own) and in meta-analyses of findings across research in biology and medicine. Although some scientists dismiss the decline effect as simple statistical self-correction of initially exaggerated outcomes the truth is that we cannot be sure until we have better access to unpublished scientific work. In this talk I will review a variety of explanations for the decline effect including regression to the mean, publication bias, and gradual deterioration in experimental methods with replication. I will also consider the possibility that it may sometimes reflect genuine changes in scientific phenomena. In order to resolve the source of the decline effect I suggest the introduction of an open access repository for all research findings, which would enable researchers to fully log their hypotheses and methodologies ahead of time, and their results afterwards, regardless of outcome. Such a repository would not only shine light on the decline effect, but would also address a number of other difficulties stemming from the current lack of transparency in the scientific process.
For more information go to http://videocast.nih.gov/PastEvents.asp?c=82
The Decline Effects and Other Reasons Why We Need an Open Repository for All Scientific Investigations
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- Demystifying Medicine- Autism: progress continues
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- - Audrey Thurm, NIMH (2012/04/20)
- - Category : Demystifying Medicine
- The course includes presentation of patients, pathology, diagnosis and therapy in the context of major disease problems and current research. Primarily directed toward Ph.D. students, fellows, and staff, it is also of interest to medical students and clinicians. The course is designed to help bridge the gap between advances in biology and their application to major human diseases. Each session includes clinical and basic science components which are presented by NIH staff and outside invitees.
For more information go to http://demystifyingmedicine.od.nih.gov/
Demystifying Medicine- Autism: progress continues
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- CC Grand Rounds: (1) Novel Transplant Approaches for Patients with Treatment-Refractory Severe Aplastic Anemia (2) Rediscovering the Reticulocyte for Anemia Research
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- - (1) Richard W. Childs, MD, Acting Clinical Director and Chief, Section of Transplantation Immunology, Hematology Branch, NHLBI (2) Jeffrey L. Miller, MD, Senior Investigator and Chief, Section on Molecular Genetics and Therapeutics, Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK (2012/04/20)
- - Category : Clinical Center Grand Rounds
- CC Grand Rounds: (1) Novel Transplant Approaches for Patients with Treatment-Refractory Severe Aplastic Anemia (2) Rediscovering the Reticulocyte for Anemia Research
For more information go to http://www.cc.nih.gov/about/news/grcurrent.html
CC Grand Rounds: (1) Novel Transplant Approaches for Patients with Treatment-Refractory Severe Aplastic Anemia (2) Rediscovering the Reticulocyte for Anemia Research
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- LUNCH AND LEARN PARENTING SEMINAR: ENCOURAGING CHILDREN TO READ
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- - Hazel Osborn, MA, LifeWork Strategies Inc. (2012/04/20)
- - Category : Parenting
- Teaching your children to love to read is a benefit that will reward them throughout their life. Attend this seminar focused on simple, yet effective, steps you can follow to encourage and foster this essential skill. This presentation will focus on strategies for making reading fun and enjoyable, tips on ways to motivate and encourage your children？？？s reading habits, as well as a developmental look at reading for all age levels.
For more information go to http://www.ors.od.nih.gov/pes/dats/childcare/Pages/index.aspx
Download handouts
LUNCH AND LEARN PARENTING SEMINAR: ENCOURAGING CHILDREN TO READ
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- Epigenetics: How Genes and Environment Interact
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- - Randy Jirtle, Ph.D., Duke University (2012/04/20)
- - Category : Wednesday Afternoon Lectures
- Human epidemiological and animal experimental data indicate that the risk of developing adult onset diseases and neurological disorders is influenced by persistent adaptations to prenatal and early postnatal environmental exposures. One group of epigenetically regulated genes that potentially links environmental exposures early in development to adult diseases are those with metastable epialleles. These genes have highly variable expression because of stochastic allelic changes in the epigenome rather than mutations in the genome. The viable yellow agouti (Avy) mouse harbors a metastable Agouti gene because of an upstream insertion of a transposable element. We have used the Avy mouse to investigate the importance of epigenetic alterations in determining adult disease risk in response to early developmental exposure to both chemical and physical agents. The importance these studies with regards to human health and disease will be discussed.
The NIH Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series includes weekly scientific talks by some of the top researchers in the biomedical sciences worldwide.
For more information, visit:
The NIH Directors Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series
Epigenetics: How Genes and Environment Interact
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- STEP - Bioethics - Why Should We Care? (HHS Only)
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- - Christine Grady, Rueben C. Warren, Jerry A. Menikoff and Valerie H. Bonham (2012/04/19)
- - Category : STEP (HHS Only)
- Basic human values influence decisions in medicine and science. Do you know what determines whether clinical research or a trial is ethical, and who is involved in making this decision? How has our understanding of research ethics evolved? The speakers will discuss current practices and address bioethical issues that affect us all.
For more information, visit: http://nih-extramural-intranet.od.nih.gov/nih/training/step/step_training_20120417.htm
STEP - Bioethics - Why Should We Care? (HHS Only)
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- Careers In Patent Processing
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- - Charles Salahuddin, PhD, NCI Tech Transfer Fellow; Richard Williams, PhD, Technology Development Specialist, NIAID; Chris McAndrew, PhD, Patent Agent/Scientific Advisor, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and Rosati (2012/04/19)
- - Category : Career Development/OITE
- Are you interested in using your technical understanding to communicate and protect the intellectual property of others? Join us to discover what it takes to enter the exciting and rewarding field of patent processing. This panel will include specialists working both privately and within the government and will highlight careers such as a patent agent, patent examiner, and technology transfer specialist. You will learn what steps each speaker took to enter this field, how a scientific background helped their career at various stages, and what additional training is necessary to join the field of patent processing. After brief introductions, the floor will be open for a question and answer session with the panelists. This event is sponsored by FELCOMs Career Development Subcommittee. This seminar will be videocast at videocast.nih.gov
Careers In Patent Processing
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- Spreading Depolarizations in Stroke and Other Brain Injury States
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- - Dr. Cenk Ayata, NINDS (2012/04/18)
- - Category : Special
- Dr. Cenk Ayata is an applicant for a tenure track investigator position in the Stroke Branch of NINDS. A presentation of his research interests is a requirement as part of the search process. Dr. Ayata is a Neurologist with subspecialty fellowship training in Vascular and Critical Care Neurology. Besides his clinical practice, Dr. Ayata is engaged in clinical as well as translational laboratory research in stroke, migraine, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, as well as other brain injury states. His laboratory focuses on bringing novel therapeutic and prophylactic interventions to clinical trials, and ultimately to clinical practice in these highly common and debilitating neurological diseases.
Spreading Depolarizations in Stroke and Other Brain Injury States
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- NHGRI Directors Forum - April 2012 (NIH Only)
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- - NHGRI (2012/04/18)
- - Category : NIH Only
- NHGRI leadership will share news and updates from across the institute with all NHGRI staff members. This meeting will provide a venue for staff to ask questions of the NHGRI leadership.
For more information go to http://inside.genome.gov/DirectorsForum
NHGRI Directors Forum - April 2012 (NIH Only)
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- Self-Organization of Neural Structures in Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Cultures
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- - Yoshiki Sasai, M.D., Ph.D., RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (2012/04/18)
- - Category : Special
Yoshiki Sasai, M.D., Ph.D., at the Riken Center for Developmental Biology in Japan, will be the speaker for the Sixth Sayer Vision Research Lecture. His talk is titled, Self Organization of neural structures in three-dimensional stem cell cultures. Head of the Laboratory for Organogenesis and Neurogenesis, Dr. Sasais current research involves working on early neural patterning of vertebrate embryos and in-vitro recapitulation of neural and retinal development using 3D ES cell culture.
Why is this event significant?
In 2006, Dr. Jane Sayer, an NIH research scientist in NIDDK, established the Sayer Vision Research Lecture and Award at the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, in partnership with the National Eye Institute at NIH, to honor her family and the memory of her parents, Winthrop and Laura Sayer. The Fund supports the Sayer Vision Lecture and Award in partnership with NEI and incorporates Dr. Sayers desire to contribute to groundbreaking medical research at NIH while specifically raising the profile of vision research.
Self-Organization of Neural Structures in Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Cultures
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- Molecular Pathways to Alzheimers and Parkinsons Disease
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- - Ming Guo, MD, PhD, University of California at Los Angeles (2012/04/18)
- - Category : Neuroscience
- Neuroscience Seminar Series
Dr. Guo is both a physician and a scientist devoted to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that lead to neurological diseases. The Guo lab utilizes Drosophila as models for their disease-related research, specifically on the two most common neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease. In their first line of study, the Guo lab seeks to understand the regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage by gamma-secretase, APP steady state levels, and the fate of the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Towards this goal, they have developed an in vivo reporter system to identify these regulators through a function-based genetic screen of the Drosophila eye. They have shown that ubiquilin is antagonistic to presenilin function and promotes neurodegeneration. The second line of study in the Guo lab focuses on mutant flies lacking pink1, which result in defects in mitochondrial morphology and function, increasing the fly？？？s sensitivity to stress and reducing its life span. Remarkably, they show that overexpression of human PINK1 rescues cellular defects due to loss of pink1 function in flies. In addition, pink1 acts in the same genetic pathway as parkin, another gene linked to familial PD, to regulate mitochondrial function. Furthermore, pink1 and parkin promote mitochondrial fission and/or inhibit fusion. Overall, their studies underscore the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction as a central mechanism for PD pathogenesis. The identification of the pink1/parkin pathway with a mitochondria localized kinase (PINK1) and an E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) opens the doors to the study of intra-mitochondrial signaling, nuclear-mitochondria signaling, and mitochondrial function.
For more information go to http://neuroseries.info.nih.gov
Molecular Pathways to Alzheimers and Parkinsons Disease
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- Kalaupapa and Father Damien: Here I Am Send Me
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- - S. Kalani Brady MD, University of Hawaii at Manoa (2012/04/17)
- - Category : Special
- S. Kalani Brady MD, the primary care physician of the remaining Hansens disease (leprosy) patients at Kalaupapa, Hawaii, will speak at the National Library of Medicine in honor of St. Damiens Day on April 13, 2012. Dr. Bradys talk is titled, Kalaupapa and Father Damien: Here I am send me.
Dr. Brady is an expert on Kalaupapas legacy, Father Damien (beatified as St. Damien by Pope John Paul II in 1995), and contemporary care issues. Interviews with Dr. Brady as well as a patient and caregiver at Kalaupapa are among the highlights of NLMs current exhibition, Native Voices: Native Peoples Concepts of Health and Illness (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices), on display at NLM through fall of 2013. There is also a section about Kalaupapas legacy within the exhibition.
St. Damiens Day is an annual Hawaiian statewide holiday in commemoration of the priest who pioneered housing, food distribution, and health care for Kalaupapas residents at the end of the 19th century. From the mid-19th to the mid-20th century, about 8,000 persons with Hansens disease were exiled to Kalaupapa, a remote peninsula on the Hawaiian island of Molokai. The plight of Kalaupapas patients in the late 19th - early 20th century was chronicled by authors Robert Louis Stevenson and Jack London.
Dr. Brady is an associate professor, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Native Hawaiian Health, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and is chief of the medical staff, Kalaupapa Clinic. Dr. Brady is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and is board certified in internal medicine. Dr. Brady is featured in a periodic segment that answers patient health questions on a Honolulu commercial television station and is also a well-known musician in Hawaii.
For more information go to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/news/lecture_kalani_brady.html
Kalaupapa and Father Damien: Here I Am Send Me
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- The tip of the therapeutic iceberg: Expanding the G protein-coupled receptor pharmacopeia
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- - Dr. Stuart Maudsley, Receptor Pharmacology Unit, NIA, NIH (2012/04/15)
- - Category : Proteomics
- Proteomics Interest Group
Currently nearly half of the therapeutic pharmacopeia is targeted towards the plasma membrane heptahelical G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs). Once considered to be relatively simplisitc ？？？on-off？？？ systems, these highly flexible receptor proteins appear now to possess a potentially unprecedented level of functional nuance. Our increased appreciation of this specific receptor system is undoubtedly one of the most important fields of future translational research for the NIH.
The tip of the therapeutic iceberg: Expanding the G protein-coupled receptor pharmacopeia
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- Retroviral Restriction Factors: ZAP, ZFP809, and New Aspects of Innate Immunity
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- - Dr. Stephen Goff, Columbia University Medical Center (2012/04/14)
- - Category : Wednesday Afternoon Lectures
- Two disparate topics will be presented.
1. Silencing of Retrovirus Expression in Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells It has long been known that ES cells potently block provirus expression via a trans-acting factor that binds to the primer binding site (PBS) for proline tRNA on the murine leukemia virus genome. We purified the silencing complex and identified TRIM28 (Kap-1), a known transcriptional silencer, as an integral component of the complex. Further, we have identified the DNA sequence-specific binding component of the complex as being ZFP809, one of the dozens of zinc finger proteins encoded in the mammalian genome. We show that expression of ZFP809 is sufficient to render even differentiated cells highly resistant to MLV infection. We found that similar silencing occurs at the distinct PBS for at least one other tRNA (namely, Lys1,2) utilized by such viruses as visna and spuma. The protein complex that mediates this silencing is large: at least two more components have been implicated, HP1gamma and EBP-1, and more are likely to be found. We have also begun characterizing a non-PBS directed silencing complex acting more broadly on incoming DNAs in ES cells.
2. A New Retroelement in the Mollusc Mya arenaria Over the past thirty years the soft-shell clam has been subject to a neoplastic disease of rapidly increasing prevalence, variously known as ？？？disseminated neoplasia？？？ (DN) or ？？？haemic neoplasia？？？ (HN). The beds in many locations in the Northeast Atlantic have been decimated by the disease, and the incidence in affected areas can range from 10% to as high as 900f the animals. The disease is similar in many ways to mammalian leukemia, with a huge expansion of blast-like cells in the hemolymph with high mitotic index. The etiology of the disease is mysterious; suggestions have included both environmental pollution and infectious agents. We have discovered that the hemolymph of the diseased animals often contain high levels of extracellular reverse transcriptase. Deep sequencing of RNA preparations from cell-free hemolymph has revealed a novel retroelement with sequence similarity to those of the mammalian retroviruses. We will report our progress in characterizing the element.
The NIH Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series includes weekly scientific talks by some of the top researchers in the biomedical sciences worldwide.
For more information, visit:
The NIH Directors Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series
Retroviral Restriction Factors: ZAP, ZFP809, and New Aspects of Innate Immunity
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- Core Curriculum 5 - R&D Contracting Policy and Procedure (HHS Only)
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- - Chuck Selden (2012/04/13)
- - Category : Core Curriculum (HHS Only)
- Overview: This training will give the learner an insight into how the NIH uses contracts to support R&D efforts. It is intended as a supplement to the 40 hour R&D basic project officer course, or the 40 hour coursework for earning the FAC-COTR. It will feature readily usable advice for preparing an RFP, particularly the planning process, will cover specifics of contract review, and will give tips on post award contract administration, drawing on the experience of seasoned NIH employees. All within the bounds of the Federal Acquisition Regulations.
Target Audience: Any program or review staff who need refresher training in R&D Contracting for FAC-COTR training requirements, all interested contracting officers, current participants in Core Curriculum training, program and review staff who may be assigned to develop, review, or administer a contract.
For more information, visit: http://esa.nih.gov/oer/training/esa/esa_cores_2012.htm
Core Curriculum 5 - R&D Contracting Policy and Procedure (HHS Only)