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Internet Privacy : Implementation of Federal Guidance for Agency Use of "Cookies" 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

As of January 2001, most of the Web sites we reviewed were following OMB's guidance on the use of cookies. Of the 65 sites we reviewed, 57 did not use persistent cookies on their Web sites. However, of the eight sites that were using persistent cookies, four did not disclose such use in their privacy policies, as required by OMB. The remaining four sites using persistent cookies did provide disclosure but did not meet OMB's other conditions for using cookies. In addition, four other sites - that did not use cookies - did not post privacy policies on their home pages. When we brought these issues to the attention of each of the agencies, all of them took corrective action or stated that they are planning to take such action. Although OMB's guidance has proved useful in ensuring that federal Web sites address privacy issues, the guidance remains fragmented, with multiple documents addressing various aspects of Web site privacy and cookie issues. In addition, the guidance does not provide clear direction on the disclosure of session cookies. Finally, OMB officials' stated position to exempt session cookies from disclosure in Web site privacy policies may confuse visitors to federal Web sites. We make recommendations to the Director to modify this guidance to ensure that it provides federal agencies with comprehensive and clear direction on the use of automatic collections - including cookies - of information on their Web sites.

2001-10-12

인간-컴퓨터 상호작용 2001 스크랩

  • 김상선 김상선
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  • 과학기술정보통신부
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  • 정보/통신

학회 개요 : 영국과 프랑스의 대표적인 모임인 영국의 British Computer Society (BCS) 산하 British HCI Group과 Association Francophone d’Interaction Homme-Machine (AFIHM)은 ‘Human-Computer Interaction’ 학회를 공동으로 개최하였다. British HCI Group (http://www.bcs-hci.org.uk/)은 1985년에 설립되었으며, 전통을 자랑하는 British Computer Society의 산하 단체이다. 올해로 15회째를 맞은 HCI학회는 유럽에서 가장 성대한 학회이며 매회 20여 개국에서 수백명의 연구자와 실무자가 참석하는 학회이다. 또한 IHM conference는 AFIHM (http://www.afihm.org/)에서 개최하는 학회로서 독자적인 학문 영역을 구축하고 있는 불어권 연구자들의 모임이 되어왔으며 이번으로 13회째를 맞이하였다. 이번 학회는 처음으로 공동 개최되었으며, 장소가 프랑스 Lille에서 열림으로 인하여 ‘IHM-HCI 학회’라 명명되었다. 학회장은 Glasgow 대학의 Gray 교수와 Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille의 Derycke 교수가 공동으로 맡았다. 또한 유럽의 저명한 연구자들이 위원회에서 활동하였다. 이를 통해 유럽의 HCI 관련 학자들은 물론 미국 등의 연구자, 산업계 종사자 등을 위한 연구교류의 장이 마련되었다. 이번 공동 개최는 처음 이루어진 것이나 앞으로는 계속 공동으로 추진하고자 하는 계획이 발표되었다. 이 학회의 보고서는 KAIST 산업공학과에 계시는 이동석님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 이동석님께 문의하시기 바랍니다 e-mail : lachatte@dreamwiz.com 첨부 .IHM-HCI 2001 - Lee dongseok.doc

2001-10-11

8th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems 스크랩

  • 김헌 김헌
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  • 한국과학기술원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

학술대회 개요 : IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control)가 주관하는 IFAC HMS (Human-Machine Systems) 학회는 자동화, 시스템공학, 정보공학, 컴퓨터 공학, 관리 및 조직과학, 인간/인지공학, 인지과학 등 다학제간 연구가 필요한 인간-기계 시스템과 관계된 연구들을 다루는 학회이다. 산업체, 연구소, 학교 등에서 많은 뛰어난 발표자들이 본 학회를 통해 자신들의 연구 결과를 발표하고 있으며, 매 학회 때마다 100편 이상의 양질의 논문이 엄격한 심사를 거쳐 개재되고 있다.여덟 번째로 개최된 올해 학회에서는 각 국에서 130 여명 이상이 참석하였고 총 4개의 총회세션 (튜토리얼 성격), 3개의 Discussion 세션과 총 78편의 논문과 30편의 포스트 논문들이 발표되었다. 이 논문들은 인간-기계 시스템의 전통적 분야인 원자력발전소, 화력발전소, 항공기 등 안전이 중요시되는 대형시스템의 인터페이스 설계/평가, 인적수행도, 자동화문제 등을 중점적으로 다루고 있다. 특히 최근에는 인터넷 기술의 발전에 힘입어 웹, 모바일 디바이스, 멀티미디어 등의 기술을 이들 대형시스템의 설계/평가, 시스템 운영에 적용하는 방안에 대해 관심이 높아지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 학회의 보고서는 KAIST에 계시는 김헌님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 김헌님께 문의하시기 바랍니다 e-mail : hkim@cogsys.kaist.ac.kr 첨부 .IFAC Symposium - Kim heon.doc

2001-10-11

The role of land carbon sinks in mitigating global climate change 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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As evidence for the link between atmospheric greenhouse gases and climate change has increase, international efforts have focused on ways in which anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), can be reduced. Knowledge that CO2 is stored within and exchanged between the atmosphere and vegetation and soils has led to the suggestion that soils and vegetation could be managed to increase their uptake and storage of CO2, and thus become land carbon sinks'. Under the terms of the 1997 Kyoto protocol, signatores can meet part of their obligations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel consumption by increasing these land carbon sinks. However there have been concerns about the permanece of land carbon sinks and the accuracy with which they can be quantified and verified. This report focuses on the scientific issues underpinning land carbon sinks, particularly in the context of their inclusion in the Kyoto Protocol. Terrestrial vegetation and soils are currently absorbing approximately 40% of global CO2 emissions from human activities. Changes in agricultural and forestry practices and slowing deforestation could increase this, potentially achieving a maximum of 25% of the reductions in CO2 that are projected to be required globally by 2050 to avoid large increases in temperature. This would however require considerable political will and there is little potential for increasing the land carbon sink thereafter. . . . . . There is still considerable uncertainty in the scientific understanding of the causes, magnitude and permanence of the land carbon sink through changes in land management practices is finite in size and duration. The amount of CO2 that can be sequestered in these sinks in small in comparison to the ever-increasing global emissions of greenhouse gases. Projects designed to enhance land carbon sinks must therfore not be allowed to divert financial and political resources away from the restructuring of energy generation and use (e.g. increased use of renewable energy), technological innovation (e.g.increased fuel efficiency, sequestration of CO2 at source) and technology transfer to less developed countries. It is these that must provide the ultimate solution to the problem of reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

2001-10-11

The status of natural resources on the high-seas 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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Approximately 50% of the Earth's surface is occupied by high-seas - open ocean and deep-sea environments lying beyond the 200 nautical mile limit of the Exclusive Economic Zones of coastal states. These high-seas areas are open-access common resources, and as such may be particularly susceptible to over-exploitation. Until relatively recently there was little perceived threat to these areas. However, in recent years there has been a rapid expansion in two industries 2000m. There are also a number of existing threats to open ocean areas, e.g. direct and indirect impacts on fish, seabirds and cetaceans. Further, there are a number of suggested or developing technologies that could pose a threat to high-seas areas, e.g. Co2 dumping, biotechnology, the explitation of gas hydrates and hydrothermal vent heat energy. It is therefore timely to review the status of natural resources in high-seas environments in light of these existing or potential threats. Deep-sea and open ocean environments are continuous and highly interconnected, however, there are a number of relatively discrete or localised geographic features / habitats / biological communities that have particular scientific, societal or economic interest. - Hydrothermal vents - Deep-sea trenches - Polymetallic nodules - Gas hydrates - Seabirds - Transboundary fish stocks - Seamounts - Deep-sea 'coral reefs' - Cold seeps and pockmarks - Submarine canyons - Cetaceans This report identifies these areas of interest, reviews their significant characteristics, assesses existing or potential threats to them, and their potential value as High-Seas Marine Protected areas (HSMPAs). For each area of interest, the report reviews habitat characteristics, global distribution, associated fauna, exploitation value, biodiversity issues and potential / actual threats. Based on these reviews, a number of recommendations are presented regarding the need for protection and potential HSMPA status.

2001-10-11

Federal Research and Development: Budgeting and Priority-Setting Issues, 107th Congress 스크랩

  • Genevieve J. Knezo
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Federal R&D funding priorities have shifted over time, reflecting Presidential preferences and national priorities. Defense R&D predominated in the 1980s but decreased to about 50 percent or less of total federal R&D in the 1990s, reflecting the Clinton Administration policy. In nondefense R&D, space R&D was dominant in the 1960s; energy R&D joined space as a priority during the 1970s; and since the 1980s, health R&D funding has grown as the cohort of aged population increases and the promise of life sciences and biotechnology affects national expectations.

2001-10-11

Cyberterrorism 스크랩

  • Steven A. Hildreth
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  • 정보/통신

There are renewed warnings of possible terrorist attacks on U.S. critical infrastructures using easily accessible computer networks. The key issue at this point is how best to balance reaction to the likelihood of cyberterrorist threats compared to other terrorist threats, and their potential consequences for American and democratic values. The challenge of dealing with cyberterrorism is compounded by concerns over privacy and national security.

2001-10-11

Cyberwarfare 스크랩

  • Steven A. Hildreth
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  • 정보/통신

In the search for an appropriate response to the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, the United States possesses a number of political, economic, and military tools. One of the military tools available is the use of computers, computer networks, the Internet, and software to deny likely adversaries, including terrorists, the ability to attack or exploit computer networks and critical infrastructure, and the ability to communicate in planning and carrying out acts of terrorism. The key issue in this context is the degree to which such tools might be available, appropriate, and effective.

2001-10-11

Defense Research: DOD's Research, Development, Test and Evaluation Program 스크랩

  • John D. Moteff
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

On June 27, the Bush Administration released an amended FY2002 budget for the Department of Defense(DOD). The amended budget reauests a total of $328.9 billion for DOD, an additional $18.4 billion above the Administration's "Blueprint" budget released in April. The amended budget includes an additional $5.6 billion for DOD's Research, Development, Test and Evaluation(RDT&E) program. This raises the FY2002 RDT&E request to $47.4 billion, $6.3 billion above the total obligation authority available for RDT&E in FY2001.

2001-10-11