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Internet : An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting Its Use and Growth 스크랩

  • Marcia S. Smith, John D. Moteff, Lennard G. Kruger, Glenn J. McLoughlin, and Jeffrey W. Seifert
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  • 정보/통신

The growth of the Internet may be affected by a number of issues being debated by the 107th Congress. This report summarizes several key technology policy issues under cosideration. 1. Internet Privacy 2. Computer Security 3. Broadband Internet Access 4. Electronic Commerce(E-Commerce) 5. Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail(UCE) or "Junk E-mail" or "Spam" 6. Internet's Domain Name System(DNS) 7. E-Government

2001-09-20

Department of energy : Views on Proposed Legislation on Civil Penalties for Nuclear Safety Violations by Nonprofit Contractors 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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Four observations about the specific language in the bill. First, the definition of the amount of fee at risk is unclear. H.R. 723, while eliminating the exemption, provides a limitation on the amount of civil penalties that can be imposed on nonprofit contracors. The bill would limit the amount of any payment for penalties assessed against tax-exempt contractors to a contractor's "discretionary fee." In general, a contractor's total fee consists of a base fee, which is set in the contract, and an incentive fee, which is based on performance. It is not clear whether the term "discretionary fee" applies to all, or only a part of, a contractor's fee. Second, if the Congress decides to limit the amount of fee at risk by specifying that "discretionary fee" means only the incentive fee portion of the total fee, the ability to impose penalties on nonprofit contractors may be limited. Two of the nonprofit contractors receive only a base fee(and no incentive fee) and, therefore, would continue to be exempt from paying civil penalties. Contractors may also try to limit their exposure to penalties by shifting more of their total fee to a base fee and away from an incentive fee. Such an action could undermine both the penalty provision and DOE's emphasis on performance-based contracting because a lower fee will depend on the contractor's performance. If the congress decides to put the entire fee at risk, other statutory provisions already in place give the secretary flexibility in setting penalty amounts by considering factors such as the contractor's ability to pay and, therefore, can be used to limit nonprofit contractors' financial risk. Third, under the proposed bill, limitations on payments for civil penalties would be extended to all tax-exempt nonprofit contractors, not just nonprofit educational institutions. A contractor such as Brookhaven Science Associates, a nonprofit organization but not an educational institution, is now subject to the penalty provisions without limit for its work at brookhaven national laboratory. Under H.R. 723, Brookhaven Science Associates would be able to limit its payments to the amount of any discretionary fee received. This would provide for a more consistent treatment of nonprofit contractors. Fourth, the penalty provisions specified in H.R. 723 would apply to contracts entered into after the date of enactment. Consequently, it could be many years before some of the contractors would have to pay a penalty.

2001-09-19

Testing of Advanced Networking Technologies(TF-TANT) 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 정보/통신

This report summarises the work of the Task Force on Testing of Advanced Networking Technologies (TF-TANT). The Task Force investigated several topics including differentiated services, flow measurement, MPLS, IPv6, IP & ATM multicasting, IP over ATM, SDH concatenation. WDM and VPNs. The work resulted in the deployment of native IP multicast on the TEN-155 operational network, confirmation of the effective use of ATM, and a deep understanding of the ingerent behaviour of traffic differentiation techniques. In addition, the activities resulted in the correction of deficiencies in vendor software, open exchange of experiences and discussion of ways forward for the future. Summaries of the main experiments carried out by TF-TANT are provided in this report. More detailed information on the work and results of the Task Force is available from http://www.terena.nl/task-forces/tf-tant

2001-09-19

연료전지에 관한 기술동향조사 - 일본 스크랩

제목: 연료전지에 관한 기술동향조사(23쪽, 표/그림 다수) ·연료전지의 배경, 역사와 분류 ·원리와 특징 ·연료전지의 기술개요와 시장동향 ·특허출원의 관점에서 본 일본·구미의 경쟁력 비교 ·고체 고분자형 연료전지(PEFC) / 고체 산화물형 연료전지(SOFC) ·기술개발의 방향과 해결해야 할 과제 분석자 서문 : 본 기술 동향조사는 연료전지기술 중에서 최근에 다양한 용도개발이 진행되고 있는 PEFC(Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell)와 SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell)를 중심으로 특허 출원동향과 기술개발정보에 대해 분석하고 현재의 기술과제와 향후 기술개발 방향을 제시하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이 보고서의 결론으로, PEFC는 가정용 복합발전이나 자동차용이 유망하다. 반면 SOFC는 소형 마이크로 가스터빈 등의 복합발전과 자동차용 보조전원 등의 소형전원으로 사용될 것이며 따라서 온도가 그리 높지 않는 중온형에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 이러한 예상에서 보면 일본은 구미에 비해 기본재료 등 기초기술에 대한 연구가 많지 않아 기술개발이 지연되고 있으므로 기본기술 연구를 충실히 할 필요가 있다. 국내의 경우 PAFC(Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell), MCFC(Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) 에 대해서는 연구를 개시한 지 10여년 이상 되고 있지만 최근 그 응용분야 면에서 새롭게 부각되고 있는 DMFC(Direct Methanol Fuel Cell) 나 SOFC (특히 중온형 SOFC)의 경우에는 아직까지 그다지 많은 연구가 진행되고 있지 않다. 하지만 DMFC나 중온형SOFC 는 선진국에서도 연구가 시작된 지 얼마되지 않아서, 그 기술격차가 상대적으로 그리 크지 않으므로 향후 상업화 시기를 대비하여 학교 등에서의 기초소재 관련 연구를 활발히 할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. 끝으로 지면 계상 원문에 실린 그림이나 표 중에서 연료전지기술조감도(그림3)만을 분석서에 포함하였으므로 이점 독자들에게 양해를 구하며 원문에 실린 것을 참고하기 바란다. 이 자료의 분석은 에너지기술연구원에 계신 한이섭박사님께서 수고해 주셨습니다. 궁금하신 점은 박사님께 문의하시기 바랍니다 e-mail : yshan@netian.com *원문은 관련 URL을 보시기 바랍니다

2001-09-18

Climate Change Science : An analysis of some key questions 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC(the National Research Council) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional stadards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report. Although the reviewers listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations nor did they see the final fraft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by rechard M. Goody (Harvard University) and Robert A. Frosch (Harvard University). Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

2001-09-18

International Space Station Propulsion Module Procurement Process 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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Based on technical , schedule, and management considerations, NASA did not consider conducting a competitive procurement for a propulsion module. Rather, NASA modified its existing contract with the space station prime contractor, Boeing Corporation, to obtain this capability without competition. The modification of NASA's contract with Boeing was proper. The Changes clause of the prime contract allowed NASA to modify the contract to add additional requirements, provided they were "within the scope" of the contract. NASA reasonably concluded that the propulsion module requirement was within the scope of Boeing's prime contract, which assigned Boeing the responsibility to design, develop, and deliver the U.S. segment of the space station.

2001-09-18

Wellcome News : Proteins in focus(Protein analysis proteomics structural genomics) 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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News - Leprosy genome - New constitution - Human genome papers - Institute of Psychiatry building - Artists in residence - Research in the NHS - Sciart winners - Stage and screen Analysis The people's science : Involving consumers in scietific research - There are increasing calls for end-users of research to be involoved in polcy setting and decision making. But what does this mean in practice? Time to talk : Scientists' perception of science communication - Scientists are keen to communicate, but significant obstacles block their participation in public debate. Primed for action : Primary care research in Keele - A new primary care research centre at Keele University will house high-quality interdisciplinary, practice-oriented research aimed at improving the delivery of primary healthcare. Know thy enemy : Pathogen genome sequencing - Recent years have seen a prodigious burst of activity in pathogen genome sequencing projects. Structural genomics : Thinking big in three dimensions - Producing three-dimensional structures for all human proteins - structural genomics - is arguably an even bigger challenge than sequencing the human genome. Protein power : Deciphering the genome with proteomics - Proteins are the new genes and proteomics is the new genomics; after years out of the spotlight, proteins are back in fashion again. Research Directions On an epic scale : Studying proteins in scotland - Two Scottish universities are using joint infrastructure fund support to develop facilities for the study of proteins. Banking on success :Central resources in functional genomics - The availability of genome sequences will undoubtedly speed up biomedical research in turn, other shared resources will help ensure best use is made of genome data. Three's company :Trilateral partnerships tackling tropical infectious disease - Trilateral programmes funded through the wellcome trust-burroughs wellcome fund infectious desease initiative will help provide international expertise and resources to tackles these diseases. War stories : Lifting the lid on the Siege of Leningrad - The opening up of the former soviet union has allowed unprecedented access to medical and social archives concerning the industrialized world's most horrific famine.

2001-09-18

Lab Notes(new biology and society) 스크랩

  • 강지훈 강지훈
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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원
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4권의 LAB NOTES입니다. 1999년 1월 - Human Genetic disease - Gene therapy - Genome research and the genetics of human behaviour - Clinical genetics and gene screening - Moecular basis of cancer 1996년 10월 - Vision and hearing - the ageing brain - mental health - movement - drugs and addiction - learning and memory and more... 2000년 1월 - Down on the Pharm Much of the recent news coverage about the reation of genetically modified organisms(GMOs) has been devoted to public anxieties about modified food plants. However, GMOs are also playing an increasingly important role in medical research and in the production of medicines themselves. This issue of LabNotes explores some of the techniques being developed and the controversies they have generated. 2000년 7월 - Beyond the genome Once Francis Crick had walked into the Eagle pub in Cambridge in February 1953 and announced that he and James Watson had found the secret of life - the structure of DNA - it was only going to be a matter of time before the genetic recipe for making a human being was determined. The first'atlas' of the human chromosomes, published in 2000, shows the arrangement and location of every gene that has been identified. Each gene consists of a set of DNA bases(A, C, G and T), the letters in the code whose sequence directs the production and control of proteins. The Human Genome Project - a comprehensive analysis of our genetic make-up - is the result of a unique worldwide collaboration of scientists. This issue of LabNotes looks at the achievements of the project, the new possibilities it will open up and the challenges it poses to our society.

2001-09-18

Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons and Missiles: The Current Situation and Trends 스크랩

  • Robert Shuey
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  • 과학기술과 인문사회

Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons(NBCW) pose the most serious threats to the United States and its foreign interests. Ballistic and cruise missiles, aircraft, covert forces, and terrorist proups are considered possible means of delivering these weapons of mass destruction. The total number of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons stockpiled throughout the world is decreasing as the major powers scale back their inventories, but some additional countries and groups are trying to acquire these weapons. U.S. and allied policy makers debate the rate of proliferation and the nature and extent of the threat to the United States and its allies, and the weapons's effects on international stability. These issues and the policy preferences of various segments of the security policy communitis in the United States and overseas have led to markedly different approaches to countering NBC weaponss and missile threats. The purpose of this paper is to assemble current information on the status of weapons programs around the globe and analyze patterns regarding the threats posed by these weapons.

2001-09-17