전체 8345
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- Elements of a Neurobiological Theory of Hippocampal Memory Function: Automaticity, Synaptic Tagging and Schemas
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- - Morris, R G M.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Neuroscience
- - Morris, R G M.
- The primary research focus of Dr. Morris is on developing a neurobiological account of the functions of the hippocampal formation in memory. No brain structure works in isolation and the hippocampus is no exception, with much of his present focus being on the impact of subcortical neuromodulatory inputs on memory encoding and consolidation, and on hippocampal cortical interactions in systems consolidation. NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity is shown to be critical for the encoding and intermediate storage of memory traces in this task, while AMPA receptor-mediated fast synaptic transmission is necessary for memory retrieval. Typically, these rapidly encoded traces decay quite rapidly over time. Synaptic potentiation also decays rapidly, but can be rendered more persistent by a process of cellular consolidation in which synaptic tagging and capture play a key part in determining whether or not it will be persistent. Synaptic tags set at the time of an event, even many trivial events, can capture the products of the synthesis of plasticity proteins set in train by events before, during or even after an event to be remembered. Tag-protein interactions stabilize synaptic potentiation and, by implication, memory. The behavioral implications of tagging are explored. Using a different protocol for flavor-place paired associate learning, it is shown that rats can develop a spatial schema which represents the relative locations of several different flavors of food hidden at places within a familiar space. This schema is learned gradually but, once acquired, enables new paired associates to be encoded and stored in one trial. Their incorporation into the schema prevents rapid forgetting and suggests that schema play a key and hitherto unappreciated role in systems-level memory consolidation. The elements of what may eventually mature into a more formal neurobiological theory of hippocampal memory are laid out as specific propositions with detailed conceptual discussion and reference to recent data.
Dr. Morris is Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Edinburgh and Head of Neuroscience and Mental Health at the Wellcome Trust. He has a degree in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge and a D.Phil from the University of Sussex. He has been active in public awareness of science activities throughout his career, including helping to write a neuroscience booklet distributed to all secondary schools in the UK. His principal research interest is in the neurobiology of learning and memory and he has published over 100 articles and 3 edited books in the field. His main academic contributions have included the development of the open-field Watermaze, a behavioral task for rodents that is now used worldwide.
Selected Publications:
Tse, D., Langston, R.F., Kakeyama, M., Bethus, I., Spooner, P.A., Wood, E.R., Witter, M.P., and Morris, R.G. (2007) Schemas and memory consolidation. Science 316, 76-82.
OCarroll, C.M., Martin, S.J., Sandin, J., Frenguelli, B., and Morris, R.G. (2006) Dopaminergic modulation of the persistence of one-trial hippocampus-dependent memory. Learn Mem. 13, 760-769.
Morris, R.G. (2006) Elements of a neurobiological theory of hippocampal function: the role of synaptic plasticity, synaptic tagging and schemas. Eur J Neurosci. 23, 2829-2846.
For more information - http://neuroseries.info.nih.gov
Elements of a Neurobiological Theory of Hippocampal Memory Function: Automaticity, Synaptic Tagging and Schemas
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- Modeling and Treating Neurological Diseases with Stem Cells
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- - Svendsen, Clive.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Stem Cell Interest Group. (2010/11/18) - - Category : Stem Cell
- - Svendsen, Clive.
- The Stem Cell Interest Group was established to enhance communication and to foster collaboration among scientists from varying disciplines interested in stem cells. Topics of interest include fundamental stem cell biology, ontogeny, gerontology, and the therapeutic potential of stem cells. The SCIG serves as an open forum for discussion and dissemination of knowledge about all aspects of stem cell biology
For more information, visit
http://tango01.cit.nih.gov/sig/home.taf?_function=main&SIGInfo_SIGID=115
Modeling and Treating Neurological Diseases with Stem Cells
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- Creating Collaborations: Partnering with Community Health Representatives for Health Research and Education
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- - National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Trans-NIH American Indian and Alaska Native Health Communications and Information Work Group. (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Special
- Trans-NIH AI/AN Work Group Spring Workshop
This workshop will focus on the vital role community health representatives (CHRs) play in health education and outreach efforts, as well as their importance for building collaborative relationships between American Indian/Alaska Native communities and researchers. CHRs are tribal lay health educators and patient liaisons who live and work in Native communities. Approximately 1,700 CHRs currently serve throughout the nation, working under the aegis of the Indian Health Service？？？s CHR Program, which was launched in 1968.
Offering their insight into partnering with CHRs will be two guest speakers from tribal communities ？？？ Dr. Melany Cueva of the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC) and Jean Pino, CHR Coordinator for the Five Sandoval Indian Pueblos. The workshop will begin with an opening blessing offered by Anselm Davis Jr., Ed.D. (Navajo/Choctaw), Former Executive Director of the White House Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities. This will be followed by welcoming remarks from Stephen I. Katz, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). In addition, John Burklow, Director of the NIH？？？s Office of Communications and Public Liaison, will present an overview of NIH？？？s bi-directional outreach and communications efforts with tribal communities.
Workshop Objectives- To gain an understanding of the health issues that American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) face and the Indian Health Service system from which they obtain their care.
- To understand the vital role community health representatives (CHRs) play in developing, implementing, and evaluating methods of adapting and communicating health information, as well as their importance for building collaborative relationships between tribal communities and researchers.
- To gain the perspective of CHRs on developing culturally attuned materials and effectively disseminating evidence-based health education information to AI/AN communities.
- To learn about successful research-based outreach and education programs that partner with CHRs.
Creating Collaborations: Partnering with Community Health Representatives for Health Research and Education
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- History of DNA Repair: Four decades of studies of DNA repair at NIH and The first twenty-four years of the DNA Repair Interest Group
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- - Kraemer, Kenneth H.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.). DNA Repair Interest Group. (2010/11/18) - - Category : DNA Repair
- - Kraemer, Kenneth H.
- The DNA Repair Interest Group is concerned with all forms of DNA damage and repair. As a major defense against environmental damage to cells DNA repair is present in all organisms examined including bacteria, yeast, drosophila, fish, amphibians, rodents and humans. The members of the DNA Repair Interest Group perform research in areas including DNA repair enzymology and fine structure, mutagenesis, gene and cell cycle regulation, protein structure, and human disease.
Acrobat Slides
For more information, visit the
DNA Repair Interest Group
Acrobat Slides
History of DNA Repair: Four decades of studies of DNA repair at NIH and The first twenty-four years of the DNA Repair Interest Group
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- Demystifying Medicine - Finale: Career opportunities in biomedical science for PhDs
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- - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Demystifying Medicine
- The course includes presentation of patients, pathology, diagnosis and therapy in the context of major disease problems and current research. Primarily directed toward Ph.D. students, fellows, and staff, it is also of interest to medical students and clinicians. The course is designed to help bridge the gap between advances in biology and their application to major human diseases. Each session includes clinical and basic science components which are presented by NIH staff and outside invitees.
For more information, visit
http://www1.od.nih.gov/oir/DemystifyingMed
Demystifying Medicine - Finale: Career opportunities in biomedical science for PhDs
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- Targeting DNA Repair Pathways in Cancer Therapy (NIH-Only)
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- - DAndrea, Alan.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : NCI CCR Grand Rounds (NIH Only)
- - DAndrea, Alan.
- NCI？？？s Center for Cancer Research (CCR) Grand Rounds is a weekly lecture series addressing current research in clinical and molecular oncology. Speakers are leading national and international researchers and clinicians proposed by members of the CCR Grand Rounds Planning Committee and others within the CCR community and approved by the CCR Office of the Director. Lectures occur every Tuesday from 8:00 to 9:00 a.m. in Lipsett Amphitheater in the Clinical Center building on the NIH campus September through July with exceptions around holidays and major cancer meetings. The lecture schedule is posted on various calendars of events, including at the following link:
http://www.bethesdatrials.cancer.gov/health-care-professionals/grand-rounds.aspx
Targeting DNA Repair Pathways in Cancer Therapy (NIH-Only)
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- Medicare Provider Enrollment and Part B Billing
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- - Kitty Marx (2010/11/18)
- - Category : CMS - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
- CMS Medicine Dish Series
TrailBlazer Health Enterprises and CMS presenters will cover:- How to enroll as a Medicare provider,
- How to bill for Part B services,
- Top 10 billing errors,
- Medicare incentive programs, and
- Training and resources for providers in Indian Country.
- Kitty Marx, Host, Tribal Affairs Director, OEA CMS
- Denise Mohling, Provider Outreach & Education, TrailBlazer Health Enterprises
- David Nolley, Office of External Affairs, CMS
E-mail Comments to: medicinedish@cms.hhs.gov
Medicare Provider Enrollment and Part B Billing
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- mTOR: Master Regulator of Th1, Th2, Th17 and T reg Differentiation
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- - Powell, Jonathan.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Immunology Interest Group. (2010/11/18) - - Category : Immunology
- - Powell, Jonathan.
- Next weeks IIG seminar speaker is Dr Jonathan Powell. He is currently an Associate Professor of Oncology and Pharmacology in the Division of Immunology and Hematopoiesis at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore MD. Jonathan obtained his M.D./PhD. in 1992 from Emory University where he worked in the laboratory of Dr Aftab Ansari on the CD8 T cell immunogenicity of SIV proteins in rhesus macaques. He then did his residency in Internal Medicine at Johns Hopkins, and a Hematology-Oncology Fellowship at Harvard Medical School. In 1996 he came to the NIH for a postdoctoral Fellowship in the Laboratory of Dr. Ron Schwartz. While at NIH, he worked on several molecular mechanisms involved in CD4 T cell anergy including his important discovery that rapamycin allows T cell anergy to develop even in the presence of costimulation, a finding that he and John Tisdale eventually applied in the clinic to facilitate the establishment of bone marrow chimerism. Jonathan moved to Johns Hopkins as an assistant professor in the Oncology and Pharmacology Departments in 2001. There he continued to work on peripheral tolerance mechanisms, publishing an important paper in Immunity on the role of Egr 2 and 3 as negative regulators of T cell activation and a paper in Blood on the role of the A2A adenosine receptor in the induction of T cell anergy and iTregs. His most recent work has focused on the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a master regulator in determining T cell fate and it is this topic that he will present in his seminar to us. Jonathan is a very clear and engaging speaker, and this is a talk I am sure you wont want to miss.
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/pharmacology/research/powell.html
For more information, visit
The Immunology Interest Group
mTOR: Master Regulator of Th1, Th2, Th17 and T reg Differentiation
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- Great Teachers - Mysterious Cases
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- - Wiese, Jeff.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Clinical Center Grand Rounds
- - Wiese, Jeff.
- Contemporary Clinical Medicine: Great Teachers
Jeffrey G. Wiese, MD
Associate Dean for Graduate Medical Education
Tulane University Health Sciences Center
For more information, visit
http://www.cc.nih.gov/about/news/grcurrent.html
Great Teachers - Mysterious Cases
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- Anti-tumor B and Lung Cancer
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- - You, Ming.
National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : OCCAM Monthly Lecture Series
- - You, Ming.
- The NCIs Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM) invites you to view its monthly lecture series.
With the goal of informing the National Cancer Institute (NCI) community about the variety of ongoing research in cancer and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), NCIs Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM) has created a monthly lecture series on cancer CAM. These hour long lectures, occurring from 10 a.m. - 11 a.m. on the second Wednesday of each month, will feature a fifty minute presentation on a cancer CAM topic and allow ten minutes for questions.
For more information, visit
http://www.cancer.gov/cam/news/monthly-lecture-series.html
Anti-tumor B and Lung Cancer
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- Engineering Gene Networks: Integrating Synthetic Biology & Systems Biology
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- - Collins, James.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Wednesday Afternoon Lectures
- - Collins, James.
- Many fundamental cellular processes are governed by genetic programs which employ protein-DNA interactions in regulating function. Owing to recent technological advances, it is now possible to design synthetic gene regulatory networks, and the stage is set for the notion of engineered cellular control at the DNA level.
In this talk, we describe how techniques from nonlinear dynamics and molecular biology can be utilized to model, design and construct synthetic gene regulatory networks. We present examples in which we integrate the development of a theoretical model with the construction of an experimental system. We also discuss the implications of synthetic gene networks for biotechnology, biomedicine and biocomputing.
Additionally, we present integrated computational-experimental approaches that enable construction of quantitative models of gene-protein regulatory networks using expression measurements and no prior information on the network structure or function. We discuss how the reverse-engineered network models, coupled to experiments, can be used:- (1) to gain insight into the regulatory role of individual genes and proteins in the network,
(2) to identify the pathways and gene products targeted by pharmaceutical compounds, and
(3) to identify the genetic mediators of different diseases.
Engineering Gene Networks: Integrating Synthetic Biology & Systems Biology
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- Improving Health WITH Communities: The Role of Community Engagement in Clinical and Translational Research (Day 1)
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- - National Center for Research Resources (U.S.) (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Conferences
- This is the second annual conference to discuss and share best practices and collaborate with communities and health care providers to improve health. Participants will develop recommendations for academic-community collaborations and partnerships with other community programs to establish research agendas. Discussions will include ways to transform the clinical research enterprise through effective collaboration. Best practices, effective collaboration strategies and successful models will be discussed and shared.
This conference will:- Explore methods for Community Engagement within the context of clinical and translational research.
- Provide a forum for discussion of experiences and ideas concerning education and training of researchers and their teams in community-engagement principles and practices.
- Provide a forum for discussion of experiences and ideas concerning education and support of community partners working with researchers at academic institutions.
- Provide a networking opportunity across translational and clinical disciplines including new and established CTSA awardees and their respective community partners.
- Identify national and regional resources to support effective localized community engagement research efforts.
- Barbara Alving, MD; Director of the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) at NIH
- Steven H. Woolf, MD, MPH; Director of the Center for Human Needs at the Virginia Commonwealth University
- Eric Whittaker, MD; Executive Vice President for Strategic Affiliations and Associate Dean for Community-Based Research at the University of Chicago Medical Center
Cooperative Agreement by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) ？？？ a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) ？？？ and the CTSA program of the Duke University (U13 RR025982-01)
Cooperative Agreement between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (5U50CD300860-21
For more information, visit: http://www.aptrweb.org/workshop/
Improving Health WITH Communities: The Role of Community Engagement in Clinical and Translational Research (Day 1)
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- Molecular Physiology of Neurotransmitter Release
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- - S체dhof, Thomas C.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Wednesday Afternoon Lectures
- - S체dhof, Thomas C.
- My laboratory studies how calcium triggers neurotransmitter release, and how it regulates release during synaptic plasticity. In my talk, I will present recent data describing the properties of the calcium sensors mediating the triggering of release and its regulation during presynaptic plasticity. I will also show results explaining their mechanism of action, at least in part, and try to describe how the combined actions of multiple molecules converges to achieve the unusual speed and precision with which neurotransmitter release occurs.
The NIH Directors Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series includes weekly scientific talks by some of the top researchers in the biomedical sciences worldwide.
Molecular Physiology of Neurotransmitter Release
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- 2009 NIH Asian/Pacific Islander Heritage Month Observance
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- - Dr. Robert Tjian, President, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Asian/Pacific Islander Observance
- The theme of this year？？？s observance is ？？？Leadership in Science- Meeting the Challenges of a Changing World.？？？ The keynote speaker is Dr. Robert Tjian, a renown professor of molecular and cell biology, Director of Li Ka-Sing Center for Biomedical and Health Science at the University of California, Berkeley, and the new President of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
2009 NIH Asian/Pacific Islander Heritage Month Observance
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- Improving Health WITH Communities: The Role of Community Engagement in Clinical and Translational Research (Day 2)
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- - National Center for Research Resources (U.S.) (2010/11/18)
- - Category : Conferences
- This is the second annual conference to discuss and share best practices and collaborate with communities and health care providers to improve health. Participants will develop recommendations for academic-community collaborations and partnerships with other community programs to establish research agendas. Discussions will include ways to transform the clinical research enterprise through effective collaboration. Best practices, effective collaboration strategies and successful models will be discussed and shared.
This conference will:- Explore methods for Community Engagement within the context of clinical and translational research.
- Provide a forum for discussion of experiences and ideas concerning education and training of researchers and their teams in community-engagement principles and practices.
- Provide a forum for discussion of experiences and ideas concerning education and support of community partners working with researchers at academic institutions.
- Provide a networking opportunity across translational and clinical disciplines including new and established CTSA awardees and their respective community partners.
- Identify national and regional resources to support effective localized community engagement research efforts.
- Barbara Alving, MD; Director of the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) at NIH
- Steven H. Woolf, MD, MPH; Director of the Center for Human Needs at the Virginia Commonwealth University
- Eric Whittaker, MD; Executive Vice President for Strategic Affiliations and Associate Dean for Community-Based Research at the University of Chicago Medical Center
Cooperative Agreement by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) ？？？ a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) ？？？ and the CTSA program of the Duke University (U13 RR025982-01)
Cooperative Agreement between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (5U50CD300860-21
For more information, visit: http://www.aptrweb.org/workshop/
Improving Health WITH Communities: The Role of Community Engagement in Clinical and Translational Research (Day 2)
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- Refinement of Inhibitory Circuits - New Lessons from the Auditory System
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- - Kandler, Karl.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Neuroscience
- - Kandler, Karl.
- Dr. Kandler？？？s research is focused on understanding the mechanisms by which developing neuronal circuits become organized and fine tuned. His laboratory investigates these mechanisms using excitatory and inhibitory brainstem pathways in the mammalian sound localization system. In this seminar, Dr. Kandler will focus on the processes and mechanisms that occur during the topographic refinement of an inhibitory, GABA/glycinergic pathway (MNTB-LSO pathway). During the period of synaptic refinement, MNTB neurons transiently express the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 and co-release the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate which can activate postsynaptic NMDA receptors. Evidence will be provided that the seemingly paradoxical release of glutamate from GABA/glycinergic synapses is a novel and crucial mechanism that underlies synaptic reorganization and topographic sharpening of an inhibitory map.
Selected Publications:
Gillespie, D.C., Kim, G., Kandler, K. Inhibitory synapses in the developing auditory system are glutamatergic. Nature Neuroscience, 8: 332-338, 2005.
Kandler, K., and Gillespie, D.C. Developmental refinement of inhibitory sound-localization circuits. TINS 28: 290-296, 2005.
Lee, H., Chen, C.X., Liu, Y.J., Aizenman, E. and Kandler, K. KCC2 expression in immature rat cortical neurons is sufficient to switch the polarity of GABA responses. Eur J Neurosci. 21(9): 2593-9, 2005.
Kandler, K. and Thiels, E. Flipping the switch from electrical to chemical communication. Nat Neurosci. 8(12): 1633-4, 2005.
Ene, F.A., Kalmbach, A. and Kandler, K. Metabotropic glutamate receptors in the lateral superior olive activate TRP-like channels: age- and experience-dependent regulation. J Neurophysiol. 97(5):3365-75, 2007. Epub 2007 Mar 21.
For more information see our website - http://neuroseries.info.nih.gov http://neuroseries.info.nih.gov
Refinement of Inhibitory Circuits - New Lessons from the Auditory System
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- AIDS Research Advisory Committee - May 2009 (NIH Only)
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- - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.). AIDS Research Advisory Committee. Meeting (2010/11/18)
- - Category : AIDS Research Advisory Committee (NIH Only)
- For more information, visit
http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/about/overview/councilcommittees/arac.htm
AIDS Research Advisory Committee - May 2009 (NIH Only)
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- NAAIDC - National Advisory Allergy and Infectious Diseases Council - May 2009 (NIH Only)
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- - Fauci, Anthony S.
National Advisory Allergy and Infectious Diseases Council (U.S.). Meeting (2010/11/18) - - Category : NIH Only
- - Fauci, Anthony S.
- The NAAIDC provides second level peer review of grant applications and discusses concept clearances and other matters pertaining to grant applications for NIAID. Their website offers information about meeting dates, council members, and has an archive of past meeting minutes. At each meeting, Dr. Anthony Fauci, NIAID Director, presents information about the Institute, including new staff, status of the budget, status of research and other areas of interest to the council. A guest speaker also does a presentation. At the may 2009 meeting it will be Dr. Gary Nabel, Director of NIAIDs Vaccine Research Center. Dr. Nabel will present information about the center and its research.
For more information, visit
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/budget/default_council.htm
NAAIDC - National Advisory Allergy and Infectious Diseases Council - May 2009 (NIH Only)
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- New Frontiers in Psychiatric Disorder Research (HHS-Only)
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- - Scolnick, Edward M.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : HHS Only
- - Scolnick, Edward M.
- Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder have huge costs to society. An estimated one in four adults in America, or almost 58 million people, suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year. Many of the major psychiatric disorders are life-long illnesses, with lost productivity and costs to our health care system that span decades. Progress in treating these disorders has been slow, because the underlying biological dysfunctions have remained unknown. However, by now exploiting the dramatic improvements that have occurred in genetic research, molecular biology, systems neuroscience, and human brain imaging, we could see equally dramatic improvements in the treatments of these disorders in our lifetime. This presentation will review the research by faculty members at MIT, MGH and the Stanley Center who are exploiting these new advances to
- (a) identify the genes that increase the vulnerability to psychiatric disorders,
(b) develop animal models for these disorders that allow us to trace the relevant biological pathways,
(c) manipulate neural circuits to improve the behavioral manifestations of disease, and
(d) use functional brain imaging in human subjects to identify affected cognitive functions, predict specific treatment outcomes, and even treat psychiatric disorders.
New Frontiers in Psychiatric Disorder Research (HHS-Only)
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- Prefrontal control of fear expression: translational studies in rats and humans
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- - Quirk, Gregory J.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (2010/11/18) - - Category : Special
- - Quirk, Gregory J.
- Classical studies of fear learning have emphasized the central role of the amygdala in acquiring and expressing fear memories. Recent work, however, is emphasizing the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating the expression of these memories, via descending projections to the amygdala and other structures. In rats, converging evidence from recording, infusion, and microstimulation studies indicate that the infralimbic and prelimbic subregions of mPFC serve as ？？？on？？？ and ？？？off？？？ switches for fear expression. Plasticity in the infralimbic cortex is essential for retrieval of extinction memory, and is modulated by monoamines, NMDA-mediated bursting activity, and BDNF. Deficits in these mechanisms could explain the failure to retrieve extinction memory and may underlie symptoms of PTSD. Human homologues of rodent prefrontal areas show predicted changes in subjects undergoing extinction, as well as extinction failure in PTSD patients. Prefrontal activity levels could serve as ？？？biomarkers？？？ that predict extinction success and failure, and even clinical response to extinction-based therapies.
Prefrontal control of fear expression: translational studies in rats and humans